响应区域自然特征的巴渝梯田人居景观图式研究

以巴渝地区形态结构完整且具有代表性的梯田区域遥感图像为研究对象，结合史料分析和田野调查，采用可视化的景观图式语言，对单一的梯田水利技术及其时空组合模式以及梯田人居环境3方面的营建特征进行分析，构建巴渝梯田人居系统的景观图式体系。研究发现：1）响应巴渝山地地貌及“春旱夏涝”降雨特征，形成秋水春用的冬水田、夏季排洪的冲冲田以及四季关水的囤水田等系列在地性梯田水利技术；2）巴渝梯田水利技术在时间上形成适应春旱夏涝的“秋蓄-冬沃-春耕-夏排”水资源管理模式，在空间上形成顺应地貌的“高囤-低灌”组合模式；3）梯田人居环境响应地貌影响下水安全差异性，呈现交叉汇聚梯田基底与涵养林为基底嵌套咬合散点型民居斑块的“有机分散型”低山丘陵区梯田人居模式，和涵养林为基底边缘渗透单向跌落梯田与集中型聚落斑块的“大面集中型”中高山沟谷区梯田人居模式。综上，巴渝梯田水利技术类型、组合方式以及梯田人居在山地地貌的建构模式是契合巴渝特有地理地貌和水文条件的经验集成，对城乡低影响开发建设以及传统营建智慧的保护具有积极借鉴意义。

The Landscape Schema of Bayu Terraced Field Human Settlements Responding to Regional Natural Features

The Bayu terraced human settlement is an on-site living cultural heritage site that responds to natural features such as mountainous landforms and seasonal hydrology. Research into the site selection, technology, and combination of Bayu terraced human settlements can provide historical insight for the construction of resilient urban and rural developments in the southwest mountainous areas and the simultaneous protection of small and micro wetlands. Complete and representative remote sensing images of terraced fields in the Bayu area, combined with historical data analysis and field investigation using the visual landscape schema language, this study analyzed the single-terraced water conservancy technology, the spatiotemporal combination model of this technology, and the three construction characteristics of the terraced human settlement environment. As a result, the landscape schema system of the Bayu-terraced human settlement system was constructed. First, the research found that, in response to the Bayu Mountain topography and the rainfall characteristics of "spring drought and summer flood," a series of in-terrain terraced water conservancy technologies have been formed, such as winter paddy field for the autumn and spring, flushing fields for flood discharge in the summer, and hoarding paddy fields for closing water in all seasons. Second, Bayu terraced water conservancy technology forms a water resource management model of "autumn storage, winter fertility, spring ploughing, summer drainage" adapted to "spring drought and summer flooding", and a combination of "high storage, low irrigation" that conforms to the geomorphology that is formed. Finally, the terraced human settlement responds to the difference in water safety under the influence of geomorphology, presenting an "organic dispersion type" terraced human settlement pattern in low-mountainous hilly areas where the intersecting terraced base and the conservation forest and the scattered residential patches nest occlusion. The conservation forest is a "large area concentration type" terraced human settlement pattern in low-mountainous hilly areas where the intersecting terraced base and the conservation forest and the scattered residential patch nest in occlusion. In summary, Bayu terraced water conservancy technology types, combination methods, and the construction mode of terraced human settlements in mountainous topography integrate with Bayu's unique geographical geomorphology and hydrological conditions. These are important for the current low-impact development and construction of urban and rural areas and the protection of traditional construction wisdom. There are also positive references.