不同类型社区绿地规模和结构对居民心理健康的影响——以上海市郊区为例

以上海市郊区为案例地区，综合问卷调查和多源绿地数据，构建有序Logit模型分析高档、低档、近郊、远郊4类社区的社区内外绿地规模与结构对居民心理健康的影响。结果发现：1）不同社区的绿地数量与结构存在显著差异。高低档社区内的绿地差异大于近远郊社区；近郊社区的周边绿地数量优于远郊社区，但公园绿地可达性更差。2）提高社区内乔木和灌木比例、增加社区周边公园绿地可达性对心理健康有正向影响。3）低档社区居民的心理健康受到社区内植被覆盖和公园绿地可达性的显著影响，而高档社区居民对绿地空间的作用不敏感。4）近郊社区居民受到周边绿地规模和社区内植被覆盖的影响，而远郊社区绿地率和公园绿地的可达性对居民心理健康有显著作用。最后，提出对于低档和近郊社区首先需要关注社区内的绿地规划，对于高档和远郊社区应注重社区内外的绿地平衡的建议。

The Effects of Green Space Scale and Structure on Mental Health from the Perspective of Neighborhood Differentiation

Urban green spaces can purify the environment, beautify the landscape, enhance the diversity of the ecosystem, improve the quality of space, and effectively promote public health. Green spaces can also improve residents' mental health by reducing pressure, promoting outdoor exercise, and increasing social capital. The spatial difference in green space distribution aggravates the differences between different social and economic groups and has different effects on their mental health. Many studies have focused on the relationship between the green space scale and mental health; however, only a few have explored the impact of green space structure. It is necessary to study the impact of the quantity and structure of green spaces in different neighborhoods on mental health from the perspective of green space equality. Taking the suburbs of Shanghai as a case area, this study focuses on the impact of neighborhood green space on mental health by integrating a questionnaire survey and multi-source green space data. It measures the quantity and quality of neighborhood green spaces and compares them among different neighborhoods. The quantity of green space is measured by the green space rate in neighborhoods and the NDVI around 1 km distance from neighborhoods. The structure of green space consists of the vegetation community structure, foliar habits, vegetation coverage, and accessibility of parks. Then, we constructed five ordered logit models to analyze the impact of green space scale and structure in high-end, low-end, inner suburban, and outer suburban neighborhoods on the mental health of residents. As this study mainly focuses on residents' green space and mental health, the research also controls for individual socio-economic attributes, activity variables, and neighborhood-built environment variables. The results show that: 1) The scale and structure of green spaces in different neighborhoods were significantly different. The difference in green space in high- and low-end neighborhoods was more significant than that in the inner and outer suburban neighborhoods. For inner suburban neighborhoods, the quantity of green space was better, but the accessibility of parks was lower than that in outer suburban neighborhoods. 2) Increasing the proportion of trees and shrubs in the neighborhood and increasing the accessibility of parks around the neighborhood was beneficial for the residents' mental health. 3) The mental health of residents in low-end neighborhoods was significantly affected by the vegetation coverage in the neighborhood and accessibility of parks. In contrast, residents in high-end neighborhoods were not sensitive to green spaces. 4) Residents in the inner suburban neighborhood were affected by the scale of surrounding green space and vegetation coverage in the neighborhood. In contrast, the green space rate and park accessibility in outer suburban neighborhoods had significant effects on the mental health of residents. Through research on low-end and inner suburban neighborhoods, attention should be paid to greenspace planning in the neighborhood. In contrast, for high-end and outer suburban neighborhoods, attention should be paid to the balance of green space inside and outside the neighborhood. This study considers both quantity and structural indicators of neighborhood green spaces, analyzes the impact of green space on mental health from the perspective of neighborhood differentiation, and enriches previous green space and mental health research that only focused on the measurement indicators of the quantity of green space.