“一带一路”生产网络及中国参与程度

随着全球化深入发展,全球生产网络已经成为协调和组织全球生产活动最主要的组织平台。共建“一带一路”倡议的提出标志着包容性全球化时代的到来,中国也将更快速、深入地融入全球生产网络中。在此背景下,“一带一路”沿线地区内部是否形成了较强的生产网络联系,中国在其中的参与程度又如何,是一个非常有意义的研究议题。论文基于全球生产网络视角,运用投入产出分析、增加值分解以及网络分析等方法,开展了定量研究。结果表明：① 研究期内,“一带一路”区域内部生产网络联系强度不断提升;② 中国在“一带一路”生产网络价值流动中处于核心和首位地位,且首位优势不断增强;③ 中国获取增加值空间分布上,呈现出东高西低、东南集聚的空间特征,东南亚是中国获取增加值的最主要来源地;④ 中国从“一带一路”沿线国家最终品中获取增加值效率较低,面临着“低端锁定”的困境,价值捕获能力亟待进一步提升。因此,中国应加大空间整合力度,最大化与“一带一路”区域的生产合作,同时进行由增量到提质的发展方式转型,提升增加值获取效率,为中国经济发展找到新的增长点。

The Belt and Road production networks and China’s participation

With the deepening of globalization, the global production networks have become the most important organizational platform for coordinating and organizing global production activities. The Belt and Road initiative marks the beginning of the era of inclusive globalization, and China will be more quickly and deeply integrated into the global production networks. In this context, whether there is a stable production network connection within the Belt and Road region and how deeply China participates in such network are very meaningful research topics. Based on the perspective of global production networks, this study conducted quantitative research with methods such as input-output analysis, value-added decomposition, and network analysis. The results show that: 1) During 1995-2015, the connection of the internal production networks of the Belt and Road region intensified continuously. 2) China is at the core and the first position in the value flow of the Belt and Road production networks, and this advantage was constantly strengthened. 3) The spatial distribution of China's added value sources have the characteristics of decreasing from east to west and high concentration in southeast, and Southeast Asia is the most important source of China's value added. 4) China's acquisition of value added from finished products along the Belt and Road is inefficient. Confronting the dilemma of "low-level lock-in", China needs to upgrade its value capture capability. According to the above results, China should increase spatial integration and maximize production cooperation with the Belt and Road region, at the same time, carry out industrial upgrading, improve the efficiency of value-added acquisition, and find new growth points for China's economic development.