2011年3月云南倒春寒过程及其对烤烟影响评估

倒春寒是影响云南烤烟种植的一种灾害性天气过程。利用逐日的气象观测资料对2011年3月发生在云南的倒春寒天气过程及其对烤烟生产的影响进行了分析。结果表明：（1）2011年3月发生的倒春寒是近5年同期云南省影响范围最大的倒春寒过程;全省共有57个站点出现倒春寒,主要分布在云南东北部、中部及东南部地区。（2）根据云南烤烟生产的实际,日平均温度≤10℃或日最低温度≤4℃可作为评价烤烟幼苗根部受害的临界温度,而日平均温度≤0℃或日最低温度≤-6℃可作为评价烤烟幼苗地上部分受害的临界温度。（3）2011年3月发生的倒春寒过程对云南省西南部的景谷、镇康及云县等烟区未造成影响;对其余大部烟区烤烟生产的影响主要是对烤烟幼苗的根部造成了伤害;对东北部的昭通、镇雄两个烟区的烤烟生产影响较大,倒春寒天气过程期间的低温胁迫不仅对这两个烟区烤烟幼苗的根部造成了伤害,对烤烟幼苗的地上部分也造成了伤害。

THE LATE SPRING COLD OF YUNNAN AND ITS INFLUENCE ON TOBACCO IN MARCH, 2011

Late spring cold is a kind of disastrous weather process inspecting tobacco planting in yunnan province. The late spring cold of yunnan and its influence on tobacco is analyzed by using daily meteorological obser- vation data. The result showed that： （1） the late spring cold in March, 2011 was the widest in influence scope during the recent 5 years. There were 57 stations occurred late spring cold, and they mainly distributed in north- east, middle and southeast of Yunnan province. （2） According to the fact of tobaqco planting in yunnan prov- ince, daily average temperature ≤10℃ or daily minimum temperature ≤4℃ could be the critical temperature to evaluate the root of tobacco seedling was hurt or not. And daily average temperature ≤0℃ or daily mimum temperature ≤6℃ could be the critical temperature to evaluate the aerial part of tobacco seedling was hurt or not. （3） Tobacco in southwest tobacco growing areas in yunnan such as jinggu, zhenkang, and yunxian and so on were not influenced, but the root of tobacco in other tobacco growing areas were hurt during the Late spring cold in march, 2011. Especially the influence to tobacco in northeast tobacco growing areas such as zhaotong and zhenxiong was the most serious. Low Temperature Stress during the late spring cold injured not only the root but also the aerial part of tobacco in these two tobacco olantinz areas.