浅谈沉积物重力流分类与深水沉积模式

从浊流理论创立到现在的60余年时间里,深水沉积学研究已经取得了长足进展.但由于水下过程的复杂性,对沉积物重力流及沉积模式的认识存在颇多分歧.本文在对深水沉积研究历史与进展进行回顾与总结的基础上,对重力流各种分类方案及相应沉积模式进行了对比分析,认为:①人们对深水沉积的认识经历了一个螺旋式上升旋回;Bouma序列成因存在多种解释;砂质碎屑流概念是对Bouma序列、扇模式的发展.②沉积物重力流分类必须遵循流变学和沉积物搬运机制的重力流分类方法.③Shanmugam新近建立的碎屑流主导斜坡模式解决了斜坡区的砂体成因分布问题(原来认为此处“过路不停”无砂质沉积).④地震沉积学的发展与应用必将促进人们对深水沉积的认识,从而建立更合理的深水沉积模式.

Discussion on the Classification of Sediment Gravity Flow and the Deep-water Sedimentary Model

Within sixty years, from the time of turbidity currents theory was founded to the present, deep water sedimentary study has made great progress. But because of the complexity of the underwater process, there were quite a lot differences existed in the understanding of sediment gravity flow and sedimentary model. Based on the reviewing and summarizing deep water sediment research history and progress, this paper makes contrast analysis for all kinds of classification methods of gravity flow and the corresponding depositional models, believe that: (1) The awareness of the deep water sedimentary experienced a spiral cycle; There are many interpretations of Bouma sequence genesis;The concept of sandy debris flow is the development for Bouma sequence and fan model. (2) Sediments gravity flow classification must follow the gravity flow classification method of rheology and the mechanism of sediment transport. (3) Shanmugam newly established slope model of debris flow leading, solving the genesis and distribution problem of sand body in slope area (originally believed "passing away" and no sand deposit). (4) Seismic sedimentology development and application will certainly promote the understanding of deep water sedimentary, so people can establish the more reasonable deep water sedimentary model.