关于土壤中“化学定时炸弹”及其触爆因素的探讨

运用目前环境科学研究中较为流行的“化学定时炸弹”的概念，详细分析了我国土壤中可能的“化学定时炸弹”。认为土壤中存在着地带性和泛地带性的“化学定时炸弹”，地带性的包括土壤盐渍化、土壤酸化等；泛地带性的包括施肥造成的、工业污染造成的及特殊成土作用形成的“化学定时炸弹”。同时，探讨了导致土壤中这些“化学定时炸弹”内在和外在的可能触爆因素。提出了今后开展该领域宏观和微观研究的方向和建议。

STUDIES ON POTENTIAL "CHEMICAL TIME BOMBS" AND THEIR IGNITING FACTORS IN SOILS

This paper thoroughly discussed the potential “Chemical Time Bombs(CTBs)” in soils of China by means of concept of “Chemical Time Bombs” which is popular in environmental sciences at present. Authors suggested that there are zonal potential CTBs in soils, including soil salinization and soil acidification, and azonal potential CTBs including fertilization, industrial pollution and some azonal soil-forming. Meanwhile, it analyzed the probably internal and external igniting factors, including soil organic matter, soil texture, soilcation exchangeable capacity, pH, Eh, saline movement, climate, soil degradation, mining and smelting and so on. Finally, authors put forward the targets and proposals of macroscopic and microcosmic research on CTBs in the future. Macroscopically, we ought to carry out (1) the soil survey of toxicity, (2) the analyses of igniting factors, (3) the monitoring of toxicity. Microscopically, we emphatically study the origin, migration paths and forms, the absorption and desorption mechanism of pollutants in problem soils, and model the processes of the fuse of CTBs.