斑岩铜矿成矿构造背景研究进展

斑岩铜矿是指与具斑状结构的中酸性侵入岩伴生,蚀变与矿化受流体、构造控制且分带明显,矿石以细脉浸染状为主,低品位、大储量的铜矿床,是最重要的铜矿床类型。大地构造背景对斑岩铜矿的形成具有重要意义,经典的斑岩铜矿主要产于岛弧、陆缘弧环境。然而,近年来国内矿床学家发现,国内形成于大陆环境的斑岩铜矿与大洋板块俯冲、板块消减作用无关,斑岩铜矿还可产于碰撞造山带,甚至是在陆内环境。相比之下,不同构造背景下形成的斑岩铜矿床含矿岩浆、成矿物质来源、矿床成因等方面存在一定差异与共性。综述了目前斑岩铜矿研究内容中的关于构造背景的一些重要观点和几个重要进展,对比了不同构造背景下形成的斑岩铜矿床的含矿岩浆、蚀变矿化、成矿流体等方面的共性与差异,以期对斑岩型矿床的成因与找矿提供一定的线索。

Reviews of Structural Settings of Porphyry Copper Deposits in China

Porphyry copper refers to porphyritic felsic intrusive rocks while alteration and mineralization with obvious zoning are controlled by fluid and structure. Mineralization are disseminated and of low-grade. Porphyry copper is the most important type of copper deposit, which provides nearly three-quarters of copper in the world. Most porphyry Cu deposits occur in magmatic arc settings and in collisional orogen or intraplate settings. However,it fails to give a reasonable explanation in the collisional or orogen setting. In this paper, we review recent study on porphyry copper deposit about the tectonic setting, get an understanding of the differences and similarities between Porphyry Copper Deposit of China and that abroad. We also recognize tectonic setting and its structure for explaining the formation of the Porphyry Copper Deposit from the macro aspect.