我国沙尘的来源、移动路径及对东部海域的影响

利用中国气象局提供的micaps天气资料，通过对2000—2002年发生的42次沙尘天气个例的分析，重点研究了沙尘的源地、移动路径、入海地点及对不同海域的影响概率。结果表明：影响我国的沙尘天气有70%起源于蒙古国，在经过境内沙漠地区时得以加强。沙尘粒子的移动和入海途径主要有3条：一是从内蒙古东部入侵的沙尘天气经浑善达克和科尔沁沙地后进入渤海和黄海；二是从内蒙古西部入侵的沙尘天气经内蒙古西部沙地和黄土高原后进入渤海、黄海和东海；三是从青海东部扬起的沙尘长距离输运进入黄海、东海及西北太平洋。2000—2002年，63.9％的沙尘天气会影响到海洋，其中，影响渤海、黄海和东海的概率分别为27.4％、30.9％和12.3％，影响朝鲜海峡和日本海的概率为20.2％和9.2％。

SOURCES AND MOVEMENT ROUTES OF SAND-DUST AEROSOLS AND THEIR IMPACT PROBABILITIES ON CHINA SEAS IN 2000-2002

Based on the Micaps meteorology data provided by China Meteorological Administration, the source, movement route, influence areas and impact probabilities on different seas were studied for each case. It was shown that about 70% sand-dust storms that influenced China originally came from Mongolia, and were strengthened during their movement in the desert areas of China. There were totally 42 sand-dust storms influencing China and three movement routes from west to east during 2000-2002. Firstly, sand-dust originally occurred in Mongolia intruded into China from the east part of Inner Mongolia, by the way of Hunshandake desert and Horqin desert, and were deposited into the Bohai sea, the Yellow sea, Korea Strait and Japan sea; secondly, sand-dust coming from Mongolia intruded into China from the west of Inner Mongolia, were transported from west to east, and then sunk into the Bohai sea, the Yellow sea, the East China sea, Korea Strait and Japan Sea; and thirdly, sand-dust that occurred in Mongolia and in the northwest of China were transported by the high northwest current and sunk into the Yellow sea, the East China sea and the West Pacific Ocean. There were about 63.9% sand dust weather that might affect China seas by the three different routes. The impact probability on the Bohai sea was (27.4%,) the Yellow sea 30.9%, the East China sea 12.3%, Korea Channel 20.2% and Japan sea 9.2%.