干旱区流域生态水文耦合模拟与调控的若干思考

系统识别全球变化和高强度人类活动影响下干旱区流域生态水文耦合作用机制及演变规律，并通过综合生态水文调控，构建健康水循环和生态安全格局，是干旱区流域亟待解决的关键科学问题。传统的基于水文过程与生态过程的分离模拟与调控，尚不能满足上述实践需求；需结合原型观测与实验，对大气模式、水文模型、生态模式（包括天然生态模拟模型和作物生长模式）进行耦合开发，构建具有统一物理机制的流域生态水文模型。以此为支撑，对干旱区流域生态水文过程演变规律及阈值特征进行系统识别；并结合水生态服务功能评价，提出流域生态安全修复及水资源合理配置与调度方案；制定有效的风险管理措施，对流域生态水文过程进行动态调控。

Some Opinions on the Eco-hydrological Processes Simulation and Regulation in Arid Basins

Identifying the coupling eco hydrological processes mechanism and its evolvement rules under intensive human activities and global changes and establishing healthy water cycle and ecological security pattern by integrated eco hydrological regulations are key issue in arid basins. The traditional separate simulation and controlling based on hydrological processes and ecological processes still can not meet the practical demand. The new eco hydrological model system which has a unified physical mechanism should be developed by combining antitype observation with experiments and coupling atmosphere models, distributed hydrological models, natural ecological model and crop growth models. With the technical substation of such coupling model, the eco hydrological process evolvement rules and threshold in arid basins can be derived and ecological security restoration mode and water resources allocation and regulation schemes can be drawn. The dynamic eco hydrological regulation should be applied to arid basin with adapted risk management measures.