2001-2010年生物地球化学研究进展与展望

阐述了21世纪第一个十年生物地球化学领域的重要研究进展和未来可能的重点发展方向。在近代陆-海系统碳循环的库和通量上已经取得了重要进展,并发现了一些参与氮、硫循环新的微生物功能群。阐述了显生宙生物大灭绝期间碳循环异常的特点及其可能的原因,但对氮、硫循环的了解比较薄弱。地球早期的碳、硫循环与生命起源、大气和海洋水化学条件的关系已经取得重要认识。生物地球化学过程可以通过生态毒理,以及大气成分和海洋水化学条件的改变影响生命系统。微生物地球化学功能的微区、原位、痕量示踪等技术得到快速发展。未来将加强地质历史时期碳、氮、硫循环的定量分析以及空间变化的研究,各种元素循环之间的相互关系及其界面过程、极端环境的生物地球化学过程将进一步受到重视。生命科学领域重要技术的引入将提升生物地球化学过程的研究。

An Overview on Biogeochemistry During the Decade of 2001 to 2010

The significant achievements and future research orientation of biogeochemistry during the decade of 2001 to 2010 are briefly reviewed.Some carbon pools and related flux have been quantified in modern marine/ocean and land ecosystems.New microbial functional groups involved in sulfur and nitrogen cycles of modern ecosystems have been identified.The features and the possible causes of the abnormal carbon cycle occurring during the biotic crisis in Phanerozoic have been deciphered but the biogeochemical cycles of sulfur and nitrogen need more investigation.The relationship of carbon and sulfur cycles of the early Earth with life origins,atmospheric and oceanic chemistry conditions has been understood.Biogeochemical impacts on ecosystems via the chemical substances,climatic and oceanic changes are reviewed concerning both the modern and the ancient times.Some biogeochemical techniques including geotraces,metagenomics,micro-scale and in-situ analyses are particularly introduced in current biogeochemical studies.The quantification and spatial variations of the elemental cycles need further investigations in the future.The biogeochemical processes in some extreme environments and the various interfaces as well as the relationship among different elemental cycles demand more attentions.Introduction of new techniques in life science will further improve investigations of biogeochemical processes.