干旱区绿洲灌溉条件下生态服务价值研究——以新疆轮台县为例

基于RS、GIS、景观生态学等方法，以新疆典型干旱区轮台县为研究区，利用1997年、2007年、2017年三期遥感影像解译结果，定量分析轮台县20年间土地利用景观格局变化特征，并运用生态系统服务价值（ESV）估算原理，定量分析轮台县生态服务功能ESV的年际变化，探讨ESV在景观格局演变下的损益和响应，来反映生态输水对塔河沿岸生态的影响。结果表明：轮台县以未利用地大幅度减少，林地与草地的大量增加为主，同时耕地、水域、建设用地以及冰川的面积也有不同程度的增加，但相对于整个县域面积依然相对较小；各斑块类型景观格局指数和整体景观格局指数以及空间格局都发生了不同程度的变化，未利用地对景观整体的控制性减弱，土地利用均匀性和多样性增加，最大斑块指数变化显著，散布并列指数先略有下降后明显增加；轮台县20年间各项生态系统服务功能的ESV均呈显著增加的趋势，ESV总量不断增大；轮台县ESV的增益集中在林地的增加上，占总增益的65.9%，轮台县ESV的损益集中在建设用地和未利用地的转入上，说明林地的增加和未利用地的减少是轮台县ESV增加的主要原因。该研究体现典型水源灌溉对轮台县生态的影响，为干旱区生态系统改善和土地利用规划提供依据。

Study on ecosystem service value of oasis irrigation in arid area: taking Luntai County as an example

Based on RS,GIS and methods of landscape ecology,the typical arid area in Luntai County of Xinjiang region was taken as a study area. Using 1997,2007 and 2017 remote sensing image interpretation result, the variation of landscape structure of land use in Luntai County from 1997 to 2017 was quantitatively analyzed. Then,using the principle of ecosystem service value(ESV)to quantitatively analyze the interannual variability of ESV of Luntai County ecological service function,the profit and loss ESV in landscape pattern evolution and the response was explored to reflect the effect of ecological water conveyance in the Tarim River. The results show that:there was a large decrease in unused land and a large increased in forest land and grassland in the county. Meanwhile,the area of cultivated land,water area,construction land and glacierized area had also increased to varying degrees,but it was still relatively small as compared with the whole county area. The landscape pattern index,overall landscape pattern index and spatial pattern of each patch type had all changed to varying degrees. The unutilized land had weakened its control over the landscape as a whole;land use uniformity and diversity had increased and the maximum patch index had changed significantly. During the 20 years in the county,ESV of various ecosystem services had showed a significant increase trend,and the total amount of ESV had increased continuously. The gain of ESV in the county had concentrated on the increase of forestland, accounting for 65.9% of the total gain. The profit and loss of ESV in Luntai County were concentrated on the transfer of construction land and unused land,indicating that the increase of forestland and the decrease of unused land were the main reasons for increase of ESV in the county. This study reflects the impact of typical water source irrigation on the ecology of Luntai County and provides a basis for the improvement of the ecosystem and land use planning in the arid regions.