北极斯瓦尔巴、高亚洲和阿尔卑斯山冰川物质平衡对比研究

基于冰川物质平衡和平衡线高度数据，对北极斯瓦尔巴、高亚洲和阿尔卑斯山的冰川物质平衡变化和平衡线高度空间分布特征进行了对比分析，得出以下结论：（1）阿尔卑斯山冰川年均负物质平衡值最大，为-907 mm；斯瓦尔巴为-431 mm；高亚洲最小，为-264 mm。（2）高亚洲和斯瓦尔巴冰川物质平衡年振幅较小，年际变化较小；阿尔卑斯山冰川物质平衡年振幅较大，年际变化较大。斯瓦尔巴冰川物质平衡趋向正平衡，阿尔卑斯山和高亚洲冰川物质平衡趋向负平衡。（3）斯瓦尔巴内陆的冰川平衡线高度高于沿海地区，高亚洲冰川平衡线高度呈纬向地带性、经向地带性和区域地带性的分布规律，阿尔卑斯山的冰川平衡线高度主要受冰川所处海拔的影响。

Comparative studies of the glacier mass balance in Svalbard,High Asia and Alps

Based on the data of glacier mass balance and equilibrium line altitude, the characteristics of glacier mass balance change and equilibrium line altitude spatial distribution in Svalbard (Arctic), High Asia and Alps were analyzed. The following conclusions can be drawn:(1) Recently, the glacier mass balance is negative frequently, with the maximum average annual negative mass balance in Alps, reaching to -907 mm, followed by Svalbard, -431 mm, and then in High Asia, reaching to -264 mm. (2) The annual amplitudes of the mass balance in Svalbard and High Asia are relatively low, with small annual variation. The annual changing amplitude of the glacier mass balance in Alps is higher, with large annual variation. The glacier mass balance in Svalbard tends to be positive, and that in High Asia and Alps tend to be negative. (3) The glacier equilibrium line altitude in the interior of Svalbard is higher than that in coast. The glacier equilibrium line altitude in High Asia shows a latitudinal zonality, a longitudinal zonality and a regional zonality. The glacier equilibrium line altitude in Alps is mainly controlled by altitude.