祁连山黑河干流山区水文模拟研究进展

流域水文模拟是在认识水文规律的基础上, 对流域水文过程的一种数学描述.黑河流域作为典型的内陆河流域历来是研究寒区、 旱区水文过程的热点区域.祁连山黑河干流山区的水文模拟研究也备受学者们的关注, 经验模型、 概念模型和分布式水文模型在该区域均有应用, 虽然都对出山径流做出了准确的模拟, 但是引进的模型对高寒山区水文过程的刻画不够详细.内陆河高寒山区流域的水文模拟要充分考虑冰川、 积雪、 冻土等因素所引起的特殊寒区水文过程, 准确刻画这些水文过程是高寒山区流域水文模拟成功的关键.今后应该继续加强野外观测, 深入开展冻土水文过程、 冰雪水文过程的模拟研究, 发展真正适合于高寒山区流域水文过程的分布式水文模型.

Progress of the Research on Hydrological Simulation in the Mainstream of the Heihe River, Qilian Mountains

Watershed hydrological simulation aims to demonstrate the hydrological processes mathematically in the base of hydrological knowledge. In the case of the lack of observational data, hydrological modeling is an effective method to study hydrological processes. As a typical inland river basin, Heihe River basin is always a hot spot to study hydrology and water resources in the cold and arid regions. Hydrological modeling of mountainous runoff in the mainstream of the Heihe River also appeals to researchers to apply empirical models, conceptual models and distributed hydrological models in the study area. At the beginning of the study, empirical models are constructed by using the observation to predict the variation trend of the mountainous runoff. Furthermore, the conceptual models are employed to primitively simulate the hydrological processes in the study area. However, owing to larger glaciers, snow cover, permafrost, as well as the special geological structure and terrain conditions, the mainstream of the Heihe River has special hydrological processes characterized by high and cold, which have not been revealed in ordinary hydrological models and are ignored in most of the hydrological models. Although these are some researches having relatively accurate simulated results for the mountainous runoff via various models, most models are still limited to describe the hydrological processes characterized by high and cold at length. Taking into consideration of the special hydrological processes caused by glaciers, snow cover, and permafrost and so on, whether it is able to represent these special hydrological processes is a crucial issue for the hydrological modeling of inland river basin in highland and cold areas. In future, more in-situ observation should be carried out and carried on to acquire more observation data, and the hydrological processes of permafrost and snow cover should be investigated further, in order to develop a genuine hydrological model more suitable to highland and cold areas.