承德坝上高原如意河流域地表基质调查与编图探索

地表基质调查与编图是当前自然资源调查监测体系中的全新领域，但如何开展还缺乏统一的行动指南。在总结地球关键带理论和地表基质调查研究现状的基础上，充分借鉴区域地质、工程地质、第四纪地质、水文地质、环境地质等调查与编图表达方式，以承德坝上高原如意河流域为研究区，探索建立了基于地球关键带理论的地表基质调查与图件编制方法。基于野外调查结果，将如意河流域划分为玄武岩、安山岩、凝灰岩、流纹岩、冲洪积砂砾石、残坡积砂砾石、风积沙、湖积淤泥和沼积淤泥等9种地表基质类型，研究了不同类型地表基质的分布特征、调查和监测指标，编制了风积沙厚度空间分布图、地表基质与地表覆盖层耦合关系图和地表基质层图。地表基质厚度空间分布图可展布不同类型地表基质厚度的空间分布特征，地表基质与地表覆盖层耦合关系图可直观刻画地表基质的剖面结构特征和理化性质对地表覆盖生态要素的约束作用，地表基质图能系统地反映地表基质与地表覆盖层的结构、展布、特征和耦合关系。地表基质系列图件是岩-土-水-生等地球关键带多圈层交互作用在地质图上的反映。该研究可为在全国范围开展地表基质调查与编图提供参考。

An exploration on investigation and mapping of ground substrate in Ruyi River Basin,Bashang Plateau,Chengde City

The investigation and mapping of ground substrate is a whole new field of natural resources survey and monitoring system in the current situation, which has not been evolved into a unified guideline on action. In this paper, based on the summarization of the current situation of the Earth’s critical zone theory and ground substrate survey, fully drawing on the investigation methods and map expression styles of regional geology, engineering geology, Quaternary geology, hydrogeology, environmental geology, etc., and taking Ruyi River Basin in Bashang Plateau of Chengde City as the research area, we establish the method of the investigation and mapping of ground substrate based on the theory of the Earth’s critical zone. Based on the field investigation results, the ground substrate in Ruyi River Basin can be divided into nine types as follows: basalt, andesite, tuff, rhyolite, alluvial-proluvial gravel, eluvial-proluvial gravel, aeolian sand, lacustrine silt and marsh silt. The distribution characteristics as well as the investigation and monitoring indicators in different types of ground substrates are also studied. The spatial distribution map of aeolian sand thickness, coupling relationship profile between the ground substrate and the ground covered layer, and ground substrate map are drew. The spatial distribution map of ground substrate thickness can show the spatial distribution characteristics of the thickness of different types of surface substrate layers. The coupling relationship profile of ground substrate and surface covered layer can directly describe the constraint of the profile structural characteristics and physical and chemical properties of ground substrate on the ecological elements of the covered layer. The ground substrate map can systematically reflect the structure, distribution, characteristics and coupling relationship between ground substrate and ground covered layer. The series maps of ground substrate are the reflection of the interaction of multiple cycles in the Earth’s critical zone, such as the rock, the soil, the water, and the organism. The results of this study can provide references for the nationwide investigation and mapping of the ground substrate.