“煤成油”—能源勘探的一个新领域

含煤地层中以腐殖型有机质为主的成煤物质在成煤过程中、特别是在沥青化过程中形成的“煤成油”已经成为能源勘探中的具有极大吸引力的一个重要方向。我国的油田多为陆相成因,属高含蜡质油,含油岩系与煤系共生或有密切关系。“煤成烃”理论,尤其是“煤成油”理论无论在理论上或实践中都存在许多需要解决的问题。“煤成油”理论所涉及的问题综其根本不外三个主要方面:一是煤及煤的各组成部分的成油能力和鉴定特征;二是形成物的运移,特别指的是初次运移;三是烃源对比和源源对比。而实用意义则在于对煤成油分布规律的研究和对开发的经济可行性的评价。

COAL OIL"-A NEW AREA FOR FOSSIL FUEL EXPLORATION

Coal petrologists and petroleum geologists are now interested in areas where oil is cloesly related with the congeneric coal deposit system. Most of them believe that coal is both gas-prone and oil-prone; coals depostied in particular sedimentary environments may become high-quality oil source rocks. This paper examines this interdisciplinary study of coal and petroleum geology, organic petrology, and organic geochemistry from three perspectives; oil-generating macerals and their petroleum potential, migration of coal-generated oil, and the relation between coals and their congeneric oil.