Enhanced biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using nonionic surfactants in soil slurry |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300072, PR China;2. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, PR China;3. School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, PR China;4. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China;1. College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), West Changjiang Road 66, Qingdao, China;2. The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil;3. Dow Brasil Sudeste Indl Ltda, São Paulo, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The effect of nonionic surfactants on the solubility and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the aqueous phase and in the soil slurry phase, as well as the fate of these surfactants, were investigated. The PAH solubility was linearly proportional to the surfactant concentration when above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and increased as the hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) value decreased. Substantial amounts of the sorbed phenanthrene in the soil particles were desorbed by non-ionic surfactants into the liquid phase when the ratio of soil to water was 1:10 (g/ml). Brij 30 was the most biodegradable surfactant tested, showed no substrate inhibition up to a concentration of 1.5 g/l, and was definitely used as a C source by the bacteria. Naphthalene and phenanthrene were completely degraded by phenanthrene-acclimatised cultures within 60 h, but a substantial amount of naphthalene was lost due to volatilization. The limiting step in the soil slurry bioremediation was bioavailability by the micro-organisms for the sand slurry and mass transfer from a solid to aqueous phase in the clay slurry. |
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