全球火山岩油气藏研究的历程与展望

当前全球火山岩油气勘探进入重要阶段,为客观评估其地位和前景,有必要对其研究历程进行系统的回顾和认识。通过较为广泛的文献调研,将这一历程整体上划分为四个阶段——从最初偶然发现所带来的兴奋(偶然发现阶段,1949年之前),进入了漫长的低潮时期(缓慢发展阶段,1950—1979年),之后逐渐升温(局部突破阶段,1980—1999年),并走向成熟(成熟阶段,2000年至今)。分析总结认为,印度尼西亚的Jatibarang油气田、中国的徐深气田、克拉美丽气田、长深气田、纳米比亚的Kudu气田等为典型的大型火山岩油气田。从出现频度上看,目前已发现的火山岩油气藏主要出现在中新生界,如侏罗系、白垩系、古近系和新近系中所出现的频率较高;其次是晚古生界。从全球范围来看,各种岩性的火山岩都可能具有形成有效储层的潜力。在一些盆地中,火山岩储层下伏地层中烃源岩层的发现,使得传统意义上将这些火山岩视为这些盆地基底的认识得以改变,其基底可考虑进一步向深部修正和调整,油气勘探也得以向深部发展。目前来看,火山岩油气藏勘探的重点区域依次有:环太平洋构造域的中新生界火山岩油气藏,古亚洲洋构造域的晚古生界火山岩油气藏,特提斯洋构造域(如其西端的环地中海区域)的火山岩油气藏等。

Review and prospect of global volcanic reservoirs

Abstract: Currently, the oil and gas exploration of global volcanic reservoirs has entered into an important stage. For an objective assessment of the status and prospects of global volcanic reservoirs, a systematic review is necessary. Based on extensive literature analysis, the research process of global volcanic reservoirs as a whole can be divided into four stages: the casually discovering stage (prior to 1949), the low speed progress stage (1950 to 1979), the partial success stage (1980 to 1999) and the mature stage (2000 to the present). An analysis shows that Jatibarang oil and gas field (Indonesia), Xushen gas field (China), Kelameili gas field (China), Changqing gas field (China), Kudu gas field (Namibia) and some other fields are typical large volcanic oil and gas fields in the world. In terms of the frequency of occurrence in different strata, the major distribution of volcanic reservoirs is in the Cenozoic and Mesozoic (especially in the Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene), followed by the Upper Paleozoic. From a global perspective, all kinds of volcanic rocks have the chances to form effective reservoirs. In some cases, the discovery of volcanic reservoirs may change the traditional understanding about the basements of some basins, and hence the oil and gas exploration of these basins should be conducted towards deeper strata.At present, key areas for the exploration of volcanic reservoirs are as follows in turn: Cenozoic volcanic reservoirs in circum-Pacific tectonic domain, Late Paleozoic volcanic reservoir in Paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic domain, volcanic reservoirs in Tethys tectonic domain (such as the surrounding Mediterranean) and so on.