Water Balance and Evapotranspiration Monitoring in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering |
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Authors: | Yu-Jun Cui Jorge G Zornberg |
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Affiliation: | (1) ENPC, 6 et 8 av. Blaise Pascal, Cité Descartes, Champs-sur-Marne, 77455 Marne La Vallee cedex 2, France;(2) The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA |
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Abstract: | Among the various components of the water balance, measurement of evapotranspiration has probably been the most difficult
component to quantify and measure experimentally. Some attempts for direct measurement of evapotranspiration have included
the use of weighing lysimeters. However, quantification of evapotranspiration has been typically conducted using energy balance
approaches or indirect water balance methods that rely on quantification of other water balance components. This paper initially
presents the fundamental aspects of evapotranspiration as well as of its evaporation and transpiration components. Typical
methods used for prediction of evapotranspiration based on meteorological information are also discussed. The current trend
of using evapotranspirative cover systems for closure of waste containment facilities located in arid climates has brought
renewed needs for quantification of evapotranspiration. Finally, case histories where direct or indirect measurements of evapotranspiration
have been conducted are described and analyzed. |
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Keywords: | Evapotranspiration Water balance Cover system Unsaturated soils Measurement |
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