河西走廊成矿带区域成矿规律及找矿方向

河西走廊成矿带是分布于祁连地区最北部的Ⅲ级成矿单元(全国统一编号为Ⅲ-20), 目前共有235处矿产地, 形成了石油、煤、凹凸棒石黏土、萤石、石膏、芒硝、石灰岩、天然石英砂、铁、铜、金、钨等40余种矿产。该成矿带以沉积成矿作用为主, 其次为流体、岩浆、变质和表生成矿作用, 可分为11种矿床类型, 主要成矿期为华力西期、加里东期、燕山期和喜马拉雅期。河西走廊成矿带可进一步划分为2个成矿亚带, 分别为玉门—民乐成矿亚带和山丹—中卫—泾源成矿亚带。根据构造空间、成矿时间、成矿作用和矿种等四要素的耦合关系, 河西走廊成矿带厘定了10个矿床成矿系列, 包括4个沉积作用有关矿床成矿系列、3个流体作用有关矿床成矿系列、1个岩浆作用有关矿床成矿系列、1个变质作用有关矿床成矿系列和1个表生作用有关矿床成矿系列。通过细分成矿时段和细化成矿地质作用, 进一步解析出16个矿床成矿亚系列, 并建立了47个矿床式。根据区内地质、矿产、物探、化探和遥感信息, 河西走廊成矿带共圈出5个综合预测区, 为下一步找矿工作指出了方向。

Metallogenic Regularity and Prospecting Direction in the Hexi Corridor Metallogenic Belt, China

The Hexi corridor metallogenic belt is a III-level metallogenic unit distributed in the north of the Qilian region (national number III-20). There are 235 mineral deposits in this metallogenic belt, comprising more than 40 types of minerals, including petroleum, coal, attapulgite clay, fluorite, gypsum, mirabilite, limestone, quartz sand, iron, copper, gold, and tungsten. The major mineralization process is sedimentation, followed by hydrothermalism, magmatism, metamorphism, and supergenesis. These deposits can be divided into 11 types, and the main metallogenic periods are Variscan, Caledonian, Yanshanian, and Himalayan. This metallogenic belt can be further divided into two metallogenic sub-belts: Yumen-Minle and Shandan-Zhongwei-Jingyuan. According to the coupling relationship of the four elements of tectonic space, metallogenic time, mineralization, and mineral species, 10 minerogenetic series of mineral deposits have been determined in the Hexi corridor metallogenic belt, including four minerogenetic series of mineral deposits related to sedimentation, three minerogenetic series of mineral deposits related to hydrothermalism, one minerogenetic series of mineral deposits related to magmatism,one minerogenetic series of mineral deposits related to metamorphism, and one minerogenetic series of mineral deposits related to supergenesis. By subdividing metallogenic periods and mineralization, 16 minerogenetic subseries of mineral deposits and 47 deposit types were established. Based on the geological, mineral, ge-ophysical, geochemical, and remote sensing information, five comprehensive prediction areas were delineated in the Hexi corridor metallogenic belt, which provide a direction for future prospecting work.