山水林田湖草系统治理之水土保持要义

山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体,山水林田湖草的系统治理观是水土流失治理与生态修复的重要指导思想。水土流失的发生、发展和变化是一个复杂的系统,有其自身规律,水土保持是一门多学科交叉学科,有其科学性与不可替代性,防治水土流失应坚持系统思维,整体施策,系统和综合是水土保持学科建立和事业发展的生命力所在。水土流失在中国广泛分布并长期存在,而且治理程度及年治理进度较低,极不适应生态文明时代人民对美好生活的需求。要充分发挥大自然的自我修复能力,辅助于重点治理,以小促大,大面积、快速恢复植被,降低水土流失强度。将水资源保护、水环境整治、面源污染防治、农村污水及垃圾处理、村容村貌人居环境整治等融为一体,以系统治理观大力推进生态清洁小流域建设。采取系统、全面的措施,重视山地经果林开发土地的水土流失治理与生态保护。对工业化、城镇化、农业现代化过程中的人为扰动破坏区,全过程、全方位落实水土保持措施,促进经济社会的高质量发展。

Essentials for soil and water conservation in ecosystem management

The mountain, river, forest, farm, lake and grassland ecosystems are an integral part of the life community, and their systemic management is essential to soil erosion control and ecological restoration. The occurrence and development of soil erosion is a complex issue, thus soil and water conservation needs an interdisciplinary scientific approach. The widespread soil erosion has long been existed in China, yet the current level and annual progress of erosion control are relatively low and do not meet the demands of ecological civilization. To prevent and control soil erosion and to establish and develop the discipline of soil and water conservation, we need to focus on systems thinking and overall measures and develop a comprehensive erosion control strategy. We should fully engage the nature’s self-repair ability, support key management, rely on small scale restoration then expand to large areas, and restore vegetation rapidly on a grand scale to reduce erosion rate. We should integrate water resources protection, water environmental improvement, surface source pollution prevention and control, rural sewage and garbage treatment, and village appearance and welfare improvement into ecosystem management. Equally important are to promote the construction of ecologically viable small watersheds as a way of system governance, and pay attention to the development of mountainous lands into fruit forests as part of the comprehensive and systematic measures for soil erosion control. It is necessary to implement comprehensive water and soil conservation measures to promote high quality socioeconomic developments in the ecologically damaged areas caused by industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization.