伊朗浅成低温热液矿床时空分布规律与矿床类型

特提斯成矿域是地球上三大成矿域之一,矿产资源丰富.文章综述了特提斯域内伊朗高原浅成低温热液矿床的地质特征,讨论了成矿事件的时空分布规律以及主要矿床类型.研究表明,伊朗浅成低温热液矿床大部分位于乌兹密尔-杜克塔尔岩浆弧和阿尔博兹岩浆弧.其中,前者主要产出高硫型Cu-Au±Ag矿床和低硫型Au±Ag±Cu矿床,分布较为稀疏,成矿与始新世和中新世热液活动有关,部分高硫型矿化可能与临近的斑岩型铜矿化构成一套斑岩铜成矿系统;后者主要发育高硫型Cu-Au±Ag矿床、低硫型Au±Ag±Cu矿床、中硫型Pb-Zn±Cu±Au±Ag矿床,它们集中分布在西部的Tarom-Hashtjin带和东部Torud-Chah Shirin带,成矿主要发生在始新世,矿体均赋存在火山岩中且明显受断裂控制,但在矿石矿物和脉石矿物的种类、组构特征以及蚀变类型等方面存在差异,金属沉淀均与降温、沸腾和流体混合等密切相关.

Spatial and temporal distribution and types of epithermal deposits in Iran: A review

The Tethys metallogenic domain is one of the three major metallogenic domains on the Earth. The geological characteristics, tempo-spatial distribution, and types of epithermal deposits in the Iranian plateau in the Tethys domain were reviewed in this paper. Research shows that most of epithermal deposits are located in the UrumiehDokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA) and Alborz magmatic arc (AMA). Among them, the former mainly produced high-sulfidation Cu-Au±Ag and low-sulfidation Au±Ag±Cu deposits. These deposits occurred sparsely and was associated with hydrothermal fluids from Eocene to Miocene magmas. Some high-sulfidation deposits may constitute the porphyry copper system with the nearby porphyry deposits in the UDMA. The latter mainly developed high-sulfidation Cu-Au±Ag, low-sulfidation Au±Ag±Cu, and intermediate-sulfidation Pb-Zn±Cu±Au±Ag deposits, which are concentrated in the Tarom-Hashtjin belt in the west and the Torud-Chah Shirin belt in the east and their mineralization occurred mainly during Eocene. The epithermal deposits in Iran were hosted by volcanic rocks and were mainly controlled by faults. Different types of deposits have different ore and gangue minerals and ore textures, and ore deposition was associated with cooling, boiling of fluids, and/or mixing of magmatic fluids with meteoric water.