海绵城市内涝防治系统的功能解析

为加强海绵城市内涝防治基础研究，提出了包括源头控制系统、雨水管渠系统、超标雨水蓄排系统等海绵城市内涝防治系统的构建方法，分析其防涝功能及其对应的雨洪量级。以北京通州试点为例，在50年一遇24 h降水339.85 mm的情景下，源头控制系统、雨水管渠系统、超标雨水蓄排系统承接的降水量分别为34.00 mm、130.70 mm、175.15 mm。引入GAUSS函数进行非线性拟合，研究了海绵城市内涝防治系统的防涝机理，将防涝功能评估过程转化为对GAUSS函数参数估计的过程。在成本效益分析法基础上，以内涝防治效果、全生命周期成本、占地面积作为决策指标，以不同方案情景下单位面积上的"效益/成本比值"最大化作为目标函数，提出海绵城市内涝防治系统的功能优化思路。

Effectiveness of urban inundation control system in sponge city construction

The urban inundation prevention effect of "sponge city" has not fully achieved the expected objectives. Basic research on the subject is relatively inadequate. To address this issue,this study examined the construction mode of urban inundation control systems in sponge cities,including the source control system (SCS),municipal drainage network system (DNS),and over standard stormwater storage and drainage system (OSS). The functions of the SCS,DNS,and OSS were quantified based on the local rain pattern in Tongzhou,Beijing. Under a 50-year rainfall event (339.85 mm/d),the design rainfalls of the SCS,DNS,and OSS were 34.00 mm,130.70 mm,and 175.15 mm,respectively. Urban inundation control mechanisms were revealed by using a Gaussian function. The evaluation process of the urban inundation control function was transformed into a process of estimating the parameters of the Gaussian function. A method of optimizing the urban inundation control system is proposed for sponge city construction based on a cost-benefit analysis. The effectiveness of urban inundation control,the life cycle cost,and the covered area are adopted as decision indicators,while the maximization of cost-benefit per unit area under different scenarios is adopted as the objective function.