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嫩江流域沼泽湿地景观变化及其水文驱动因素分析
引用本文:董李勤,章光新.嫩江流域沼泽湿地景观变化及其水文驱动因素分析[J].水科学进展,2013,24(2):177-183.
作者姓名:董李勤  章光新
作者单位:1.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春 130102;
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目,中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目
摘    要:借助ArcGIS空间分析工具,以嫩江流域1978年、1990年、2000年和2008年4期遥感湿地分布图为基础,采用SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型将嫩江流域划分为43个子流域,并以沼泽湿地类型为例,将各个子流域内降水和径流信息与湿地退化遥感信息作对比筛选,对全流域以及湿地面积减少严重所在子流域作进一步分析。另外,利用两期土地利用类型数据生成嫩江流域土地利用转移矩阵。结果表明:1978—2008年间嫩江流域沼泽湿地退化严重,尤其以1990—2000年间最为显著。这与流域内降水、径流的变化密切相关,并受到土地利用类型转化以及水利工程建设等人类活动的影响。其中,沼泽湿地面积变化与流域径流系数变化在0.01水平上呈极显著正相关,pearson相关系数为0.90。气候变化和人类活动影响下对湿地水文过程以及水资源的变化,导致湿地日益萎缩,对流域内湿地生态系统平衡产生了负面影响。

关 键 词:沼泽湿地    景观变化    径流系数    水文驱动因素    嫩江流域
收稿时间:2012-02-15

The dynamic evolvement and hydrological driving factors of marsh in Nenjiang River basin
DONG Liqin,ZHANG Guangxin.The dynamic evolvement and hydrological driving factors of marsh in Nenjiang River basin[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(2):177-183.
Authors:DONG Liqin  ZHANG Guangxin
Affiliation:1.Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract:Based on ArcGIS spatial analysis tools and four wetland remote sensing images from 1978, 1990, 2000 and 2008, the Nenjiang River basin can divided into 43 subbasins using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model.A contrastive analysis is performed on marsh wetlands to investigate the differences between information on rainfall and runoff and wetland degradation provided by remote sensing images.Further analysis is done on the subbasins with serious issues on wetland loss and degradation.On the other hand, two land-use maps are used to generate the land-use transition matrix of the Nenjiang River basin.The result shows that the marsh wetlands in the f Nenjiang River basin have degraded seriously during the period 1978-2008, especially between 1990 and 2000.This can be closely related to the changes in precipitation and runoff, as well as the influence of human activities such as the conversion of land-use changes and water conservancy constructions.Furthermore, the variation of marsh areas and the basin runoff coefficient exhibit a significant positive correlation at the level of 0.01, and the Pearson correlation is 0.90. Under the influences of climate changes and human activities on the hydrological processes and water resources, the wetland areas have gradually been shrinking over the years, causing a negative impact on the balance of the wetland ecosystem in the Nenjiang River basin.
Keywords:marsh  dynamic evolvement  runoff coefficient  hydrological drivers  Nenjiang River basin  
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