生态地质调查工程进展与主要成果

为全面支撑山水林田湖草整体保护、系统修复和综合治理,中国地质调查局部署了“生态地质调查工程”。该工程自2019年以来,以地球系统科学理论为指导,重点开展了我国北方林草湿分布区1:50万生态地质调查以及黄河源区、大凉山区等重点生态功能区1:5万生态地质调查,采用“空-天-地”一体化调查技术,获取了不同尺度森林、草原、湿地等生态类型分布与变化,成土母岩、水文地质要素、土壤、地形地貌等生态地质条件,以及荒漠化、湖泊萎缩等生态问题分布数据,分析了生态-地质之间相互制约影响关系,剖析了主要生态问题的成因机理,划分了生态地质单元,建立了生态地质图谱,提出了基于地球系统科学的国土空间生态保护修复对策建议,为我国北方地区生态保护与系统修复工作提供了基础数据与技术支撑。

Progresses and main achievements of ecogeological survey project

In order to fully support the overall protection, systematic restoration and comprehensive management of the landscape, forest, field, lake and grass,since 2019 China Geological Survey has organized and implemented the “project of ecogeological survey”, which is guided by the theory of earth system science. This project has focused on 1:500 000 ecogeological survey of the distribution of the forest, grass and wetland in Northern China, and 1:50 000 ecogeological survey of the ecological function of Daliangshan district and the source regions of Yellow River. Integrated survey technique of “Air-Space-Ground” sensors has been applied to obtain the different scales of the spatial distribution and variation data of the forest, grasslands and wetlands, the distribution data of ecogelolgical conditions such as soil parent rock, hydrogeological factors, soil and topography, as well as the distribution of ecological problems such as desertification and wetland shrinkage. By analyzing the mutual influence and constraint between ecology and geology and the genetic mechanism of the ecological problems, the ecogeological units have been divided and the ecogeological maps have been established. These achievements provide some suggestions and countermeasure of the land space ecological protection and restoration based on the theory of earth system science, and provide the basic data and technical support for the work on ecological protection and system restoration in Northern China.