国内外CO2地质封存潜力评价方法研究现状

碳捕集与封存(Carbon Capture and Storage,CCS)技术作为缓解全球气候变暖、减少CO₂排放的有效路径之一,其潜力评估至关重要。目前CCS技术主要包括CO₂强化石油(天然气)开采封存技术、CO₂驱替煤层气封存技术以及咸水层CO₂封存技术3类。各类封存技术利用了不同的封存机制,其潜力评估方法也略有差别。油气藏封存和咸水层封存主要利用了构造圈闭储存、束缚空间储存、溶解储存、矿化储存等封存机制,煤层气封存主要利用了吸附封存机制。国内外学者和机构针对各类封存技术提出了相应的计算方法,依据其计算原理可归纳为4类: 物质平衡封存量计算法、有效容积封存量计算法、溶解机制封存量计算法以及考虑多种捕获机制的综合封存量计算法。通过对各类经典方法及其计算原理进行综述,剖析潜力封存量计算方法的内涵原理和应用场景,分析了CO₂地质封存潜力评价方法在实际应用中面临的问题,有助于提升我国的CCS潜力评价质量。

Research status of CO2 geological storage potential evaluation methods at home and abroad

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology is one of the effective ways to offset global warming and reduce CO₂ emissions, and its potential assessment is crucial. The CCS technology mainly includes three types: CO₂ Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery (EOR/EGR), CO₂ Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (ECBM) and CO₂ storage in saline aquifer. The potential assessment methods are slightly different due to the different sequestration mechanisms of different sequestration technologies. The structural space storage, confined space storage, dissolution storage, and mineralization storage sealing mechanisms are mainly used in oil and gas reservoir storage and saltwater reservoir storage, while the adsorption sealing mechanism is mainly used in coal seam storage. The corresponding calculation methods for various storage technologies were put forward by researchers and institutions, and these methods can be classified into four categories according to their calculation principles, which are material balance method, effective volume method, dissolution method, and mixed mechanism method considering various capture mechanisms. In this paper, the authors have analyzed connotation principles and application scenarios of storage potential evaluation methods and put forward the practical problems of CO₂ geological storage potential evaluation, which could improve the quality of CCS potential assessment in our country.