2014年秋季渤海网采浮游植物群落结构

基于2014年秋季在渤海进行的水文、化学和生物方面的综合大面调查，研究了渤海网采浮游植物群落的结构特征，并结合文献资料，分析影响浮游植物群落结构形成的原因。结果显示:2014年渤海秋季共鉴定浮游植物3个门42属96种，其中以硅藻为主，为34属79种，占总物种的82%；甲藻门7属16种，占总物种的17%；金藻门1属1种。其中，角毛藻属的种类最多，共17种；其次为圆筛藻属，共13种。浮游植物总细胞丰度介于(0.71～72.15)×104 cells/m3，平均为13.88×104 cells/m3，硅藻与甲藻细胞丰度比值为2∶1，硅藻在莱州湾的细胞丰度极显著高于其他海区，甲藻在渤海中部海区的细胞丰度显著高于其他海区。浮游植物优势种主要为星脐圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus asteromphalus)、威氏圆筛藻(C. wailesii)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、梭状角藻(Ceratium fusus)和夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)。渤海秋季浮游植物群落多样性水平分布不均，局部海域由于单一优势种过量繁殖多样性降低，低值区分布于辽东湾和渤海海峡海域。与历史同期资料对比，渤海海域浮游植物群落出现明显的物种演替现象，甲藻中的角藻逐渐兴起，其在渤海中部及辽东湾的优势地位已经超过角毛藻属和圆筛藻属，渤海秋季局部海区浮游植物群落结构已经由硅藻控制转为硅藻和甲藻共同控制。

The net-phytoplankton community structure in the Bohai Sea in autumn 2014

In the autumn of 2014, a comprehensive survey of hydrology, chemistry and biology in the Bohai Sea was carried out. The structure characteristics of phytoplankton community in the Bohai Sea were studied. The historical data were combined to analyze the formation of phytoplankton community structure. Three classes, including 42 genera, 96 species were found in the survey. Among of them, diatoms are the main species, with 34 genera and 79 species, accounting for 82% of the total species; 16 species of 7 genera of the dinoflagellates account for 17% of the total species; and 1 species of 1 genera of the Chrysophyta. Among them, the genera of Chaetoceros has the most species, a total of 17 species, followed by the genera of Coscinodiscus, a total of 13 species. The total cell abundance of phytoplankton is between 0.71×104 cells/m3 to 72.15×104 cells/m3, with an average of 13.88×104 cells/m3. The cell abundance ratio of diatom to dinoflagellate is 2∶1. The abundance of diatoms in the Laizhou Bay is significantly higher than that in other sea areas. The cell abundance of dinoflagellates in the central Bohai Sea is significantly higher than that in other sea areas. The dominant species of phytoplankton are mainly Coscinodiscus asteromphalus, C. wailesii, Paralia sulcata, Ceratium fusus and Noctiluca. Scintillans. Horizontal distribution of phytoplankton community diversity in the Bohai Sea is uneven in autumn, and the diversity of local sea area is reduced due to the overproduction of single dominant species, the low value areas in autumn are distributed in the Liaodong Bay and the Bohai Strait. Compared with the historical data, the phytoplankton community in the Bohai Sea have obvious species succession. The genara of Ceratium has gradually emerged, its dominance in the central Bohai Sea and Liaodong Bay have surpassed the genara of Chaetoceros and Coscinodiscus. The phytoplankton community structure transforms from dominating by diatoms to dominating by diatoms and dinoflagellates.