碳汇视角下海洋生态效率的时空差异及影响因素研究——以环渤海地级市为例

为了推进海洋高质量发展, 建设海洋强国, 基于2011~2020年环渤海16个地级市的面板数据, 运用非期望产出超效率SBM模型和Tobit模型测度环渤海地级市的海洋生态效率、时空演化特征并实证分析其影响因素。结果表明: (1) 从时序演化看, 2011~2020年环渤海地级市海洋生态效率均值呈波动上升趋势, 仍有较大进步空间。(2) 从空间差异看, 环渤海地级市海洋生态效率空间分布格局由2011年高低生态效率水平相间分布的无序状态向2020年两个较高生态效率区空间上集聚的有序化发展倾向转变, 但并未出现区域协同化发展趋势。(3) Malmquist生产率指数分解表明, 研究前期纯技术效率作为效率增长的单一推动力存在动力不足问题; 研究后期2016~2020年, 技术进步、规模效率双驱动, 保证了海洋生态效率的提升。(4) 地区经济发展水平、碳减排水平对环渤海地级市海洋生态效率具有显著正向影响; 环境规制、海洋产业结构呈显著负相关; 海洋科技水平正向影响但未通过显著性检验。未来要注重海洋科技发展、推进绿色低碳转型以及加强地区间合作, 提升海洋发展基础以促进环渤海地区海洋高质量发展。

SPATIOTEMPORAL DIFFERENCES AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF MARINE ECO-EFFICIENCY IN CITIES AROUND BOHAI SEA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CARBON SINK

To promote the high-quality development of the ocean and build a strong ocean country, based on the panel data of 16 prefecture-level cities around the Bohai Sea, China, from 2011 to 2020, the undesired output super-efficiency SBM (slacks-based measure) model and the Tobit model were used to measure the marine ecological efficiency, clarify the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics, and to conduct an empirical analysis on the influencing factors. Results show that: (1) from the perspective of time series evolution, the average marine ecological efficiency of the prefecture-level cities showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2011 to 2020, and there is still much room for improvement; (2) from the perspective of spatial differences, the spatial distribution pattern of marine ecological efficiency in the prefecture-level cities has developed from a disordered state in 2011 during which high and low ecological efficiency levels distributed alternately to an orderly development in 2020 during which two zones of higher ecological efficiency are formed spatially; (3) the decomposition of the Malmquist index shows that there was a lack of motivation for pure technical efficiency as a single driving force for efficiency growth in the early stages of the study. In the later stage of the study, from 2016 to 2020, the dual driving forces by technological progress and scale efficiency ensured the improvement of marine ecological efficiency; (4) the level of regional economic development and carbon emission reduction had a significant positive impact on the marine ecological efficiency of the prefecture-level cities; environmental regulation and marine industrial structure had a significant negative correlation; the level of marine science and technology had a positive impact but did not pass the significance test. In the future, we must focus on the development of marine science and technology, promote green and low-carbon transformation, strengthen inter-regional cooperation, and improve the foundation of marine development to promote high-quality marine development in the Bohai Rim region.