2021年秦皇岛近岸典型海域浮游植物群落结构的时空变化特征

为了解秦皇岛近岸典型海域浮游植物的群落特征及其影响因素,基于2021年4~10月在秦皇岛金梦海湾、东山浴场两个典型海域7个航次的逐月调查结果,对该海域网采浮游植物种类组成、优势种、丰度、多样性等特征及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究,并对两个典型海域海水水质和浮游植物群落之间的差异进行了比较。结果表明:研究海域共检出浮游植物3门45属92种(包含变种和变型),其中硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)32属67种,甲藻门(Pyrrophyta) 12属24种,金藻门(Chrysophyta)1属1种,硅藻门占绝对优势。全年优势种共26种,其中硅藻20种,甲藻6种,且多出现在4~7月,未出现7个月份共有的优势种。浮游植物丰度在8月达到全年最高值,为1.01×10⁸ cells/m³,其余月份浮游植物丰度均在10⁶ cells/m³量级。聚类分析表明,研究海域浮游植物群落有明显的季节更替现象。生物与环境(BIOENV)相关分析表明,水温和盐度是影响研究海域浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子。两个典型海域浮游植物种类组成差别不大,但金梦海湾海域的营养盐环境和水动力条件更适合甲藻生长。

SPATIO-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY IN TYPICAL COASTAL WATERS OF QINHUANGDAO IN 2021

To better understand phytoplankton communities dynamics in the Qinhuangdao coastal area, the characteristics of phytoplankton dominant species, abundance, diversity, and relationship between phytoplankton community and environmental factors were studied based on the data collected in two typical areas (Jinmeng Bay and Dongshan Beach) from April to October 2021. The differences between seawater quality and phytoplankton communities in the two typical areas were also compared. Three classes including 45 genera 92 species (forma and varieties) were identified in total, of which 67 species in 32 genera were Bacillariophyta, 24 species in 12 genera were Phyrrophyta, and 1 specie in 1 genus was Chrysophyta. Among the 26 dominant species, 20 species belonged to Bacillariophyta, and the remaining 6 species were Phyrrophyta. Dominant species appeared mostly in April to July and none of them co-occurred during the whole period. The phytoplankton abundance peaked in August (1.01×10⁸ cells/m³), while the magnitude were at only~10⁶ cells/m³ in other months. Bray-Curtis similarity cluster analysis revealed significant seasonal alternation in the phytoplankton community structure. BIOENV analysis showed that water temperature and salinity were the main factors affecting the phytoplankton community. In addition, there was a little difference in the composition of phytoplankton species between Jinmeng Bay and Dongshan Beach. The nutrient and hydrodynamic conditions in Jinmeng Bay were more suitable for the growth of dinoflagellates.