清咸丰六年长江三角洲地区旱灾气候背景分析

介绍了清咸丰六年(1856年)长江三角洲地区大旱的发生情况,认为此次大旱持续时间长,属夏秋连旱;旱情严重,波及面广,几乎影响到了长江三角洲的所有地区,太湖流域北部、南部,江北淮南地区最严重,太湖东部的苏州、松江二府、太仓直隶州的灾情略轻,江北东部的通州直隶州灾情也较轻,最东边的海门直隶厅甚至没有找到大灾的明确记载。大旱之后继发了大蝗灾。在此基础上,对引发此次严重干旱的气候背景进行了分析。分析结果认为,副热带高压强度偏弱,但脊线位置偏北,造成了季风雨带偏北,长江三角洲地区长时间处在副高控制下,从5月底至8月底没有出现连续性降水,造成了罕见的大旱;而春季降水不足,又加剧了灾情。

On Climatic Background of Drought in the Yangtze River Delta in Xianfeng 6th of the Qing Dynasty

The great drought in the Yangtze River delta in Xianfeng 6th of the Qing dynasty(1856) is presented.It's figured that this great drought is a summer-autumn continuous drought,which has a long duration and a large affected area and nearly covers all over the Yangtze River delta.There is the most serious damage in the north and south of the Tai Lake basin and the south of Huai river,and is lighter in Suzhou and Songjiang in the east Tai Lake and Taitsang as well as Tongzhou which lies in the east-north of the Yangtze River.There is even no documentary about great drought in Haimen in the most east side.There is a large plague of locusts after the drought.Based on those,the climatic background is analyzed.The result shows that the monsoon rainy belt locates in the north because the ridgeline is further north though the intensity of the subtropical high is weak and the Yangtze River delta is continuously under the subtropical high and there is no continuous rain course from the end of May to August,which leads to this unusual drought.Additionally,the disaster is more serious due to the insufficient precipitation in spring.