1990—2012年浙江省台风灾害的自然属性与社会属性特征

利用1990—2012年影响浙江省的41个台风统计资料,分析了浙江省台风灾害成因中自然属性和社会属性特征。结果表明,台风导致的灾害程度与其带来的风雨潮密切相关,其中平均降雨量、降雨量极值与直接经济损失的相关系数分别为0.509 6和0.584 1。当台风登陆中心附近最大风速达到30 m/s及以上时,灾害程度会明显加重。准确及时的气象监测预报服务是防御台风最重要的依据。倒塌房屋数量与死亡人数密切相关,相关系数达到了0.862 5。防汛抗台设施的高标准建设有效减轻了台风的灾害损失。2000年以来,浙江省台风灾害导致的直接经济损失占本省国内生产总值比例呈现下降趋势。政府防御指挥水平是减轻灾害的重要保障,其中,转移人口等防灾措施有效减少了人员伤亡。

CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL AND SOCIAL ATTRIBUTES OF TYPHOON DISASTERS IN ZHEJIANG

In this paper,the features of natural and social properties of the typhoon hazard were analyzed based on 41 typhoon samples data from 1990 to 2012 in Zhejiang province. The results show that the degree of disaster is closely related to the storm surge caused by typhoon, and the correlation coefficients of average and extreme rainfalls with direct economic losses are 0.509 6 and 0.584 1 respectively. When the maximum wind speed reaches 30 m/s or more, the degree of the disaster will dramatically increase. The accurate and timely meteorological monitoring and forecasting service are the most important bases for the typhoon defense. The correlation coefficient between house collision and death is 0.862 5,therefore, works facilities and building resilience are important foundations for disaster mitigation. Also, the governmental command level for defense is an important ensure for disaster mitigation to avoid casualties.