我国南方暴雨的试验与研究

50年以来, 中国气象科学研究院几代科学家致力于暴雨研究, 取得了令人瞩目的成就, 尤其是最近10年, 中国气象科学研究院主持了3个国家级研究项目开展我国南方暴雨研究, 其中包括华南前汛期暴雨的试验与研究, 长江中下游梅雨锋暴雨的试验与研究以及目前正在实施的研究范围更为广泛的我国南方致洪暴雨的试验与研究。通过上述项目的实施, 在华南前汛期暴雨与长江流域梅雨锋暴雨的三维结构、形成机理、遥感监测与探测中尺度暴雨的理论和方法以及自主发展配有三维同化系统的中尺度暴雨数值模式系统等方面均取得重要的研究成果, 有的已经在我国各级业务部门推广应用, 取得良好的经济与社会效益。目前正在实施的国家973项目, 针对引发我国南方致洪暴雨的β-中尺度强对流天气系统开展更为深入的试验与研究, 通过这些努力, 有望在提高我国暴雨的监测与预报、预警能力, 增强我国减灾防灾的总体实力做出更为重要的贡献。

Experiments and Studies for Heavy Rainfall in Southern China

In the last 50 years, several generation scientists of CAMS devote to the study of heavy rainfall in China. A great achievement in the heavy rainfall studies are made. Especially in the recent 10 years, three big research programs of the state class are implemented or are being implemented in Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, which focus on heavy rainfall of Southern China, including experiments and studies of heavy rainfall in Southern China and within Meiyu front in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and heavy rainfall causing flood in South China with the study scope more comprehensive than the above two programs.Through the implementation of the above programs, three dimensional structure and formation mechanisms of the heavy rainfall in southern China and within Meiyu front in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, as well as the theories and the methods of remote sensing detection and measurement of the meso-scale heavy rainfall and the development of the meso-scale heavy rainfall numerical prediction systems with 3Dvars are all made several important achievements. Some of them are applied into operation in the operational divisions within different levels of China Meteorological Administration. As a result, economic and social benefits contribute from them in China. In the implementing of the 973 state program, the research focuses on the study and experiment for heavy rainfall systems with meso-β scale. Though these studies and experiments, wish is made that it is possible to enhance the capability of detecting and forecasting heavy rainfall in South China, and also it is hoped that important contribution could be made to strengthen the capability of reducing and protecting the disasters in China.