1978—2008年城市化对北京地区气温变化影响的初步分析

应用北京地区20个常规站1978-2008年经均一性序列多元分析方法均一化处理的气温数据,初步分析了北京地区城市化对年平均和不同季节日最高、最低以及平均气温的影响。结果表明,1978—2008年,年平均日最低、平均气温空间分布自北向南、自西向东,温度逐渐升高,在城区达到最高,日最高气温表现为从西向东南逐步升高,在城区形成较为明显的热岛。温度变化趋势表明,各站日最低气温、平均气温、最高气温均呈升温趋势。城市化对北京地区城区及近郊区站点日平均气温和最低气温影响最大,对自北部佛爷顶至昌平到城区一带站点的最高气温影响最大。城市化对北京(观象台)站的增温影响最为明显,对城区站点温度平均的增温影响次之,对全市站点温度平均的增温影响最小。城市化对观象台站、城区站点平均、全市站点平均日平均气温、最低气温的年平均、各季节均非常显著,其中在秋季影响最大,对日最高气温的影响则是在夏季最大。

Preliminary Analysis of Urbanization Effects on Temperature Change in Beijing During 1978-2008

Based on a homogenized surface temperature dataset of 20 meteorological stations in Beijing, the urbanization effect on seasonal and annual daily minimum temperature, mean temperature and maximum temperature in Beijing during 1978-2008 is evaluated in this paper. The results show that for the annual minimum, mean and maximum temperatures, their spatial distributions show an increasing trend in Beijing area from north to south and from west to east, and there exists an obvious heat island for the annual maximum air temperature. This region is undergoing rapid increases in the minimum, mean and maximum temperatures. Regarding the minimum and daily mean temperatures the most affected stations are located in urban area and near suburban area, while for the maximum temperature the most affected stations are located in the middle zone from north to south in Beijing Area. The effect of urbanization on temperature increase is the most obvious in Beijing Observatory Station, followed by the effect on urban area stations and all the weather stations. In autumn, the urbanization effect on the minimum and daily mean temperature is more significant and in summer, the urbanization effect on maximum is more significant.