我国华东与西南县域主要气象敏感性疾病变化特征及其医疗费用研究

摘要：针对目前医疗费用不断上涨的现实问题，基于安徽省阜南县和贵州省锦屏县相关医疗机构的全部住院数据和气象资料，首先分析两县疾病谱特征，然后从季节和24节气角度，分析两县主要气象敏感性疾病（因天气和气候异常变化而诱发或加重的相关疾病）住院人次和医疗费用的变化特征以及人体舒适度对当地主要气象敏感性疾病发病的影响。结果表明，阜南县和锦屏县人群中住院人数最多的疾病分别是循环和呼吸系统两大类气象敏感性疾病，医疗费用最高的前六位疾病都包含循环、呼吸和消化系统疾病，其三者医疗费用总和分别占两县总医疗费用的44.9%和45.8%，因此，从降低医疗费用的角度来看加强这三类主要气象敏感性疾病的预防十分重要。此外，三种系统疾病医疗费用呈现出明显的季节变化特征：其中，循环系统疾病的医疗费用在季节转换期间明显高于各季节内，呼吸系统疾病冬春季的医疗费用远高于夏秋季节，消化系统疾病夏季医疗费用最高。两县9月的体感温度最接近人体最佳舒适温度，而此时上述三类疾病的住院人次及医疗费用也是相对低点。此研究结果可为当地相关疾病的适时防控、有效降低医疗费用提供科学依据。

A Study on the Change Characteristics of Major Weather Sensitive Diseases and Their Medical Expenses in the County of Eastern and Western China

Abstract : In response to the current real problem of rising medical costs, based on all the inpatient data and meteorological data of medical institutions in Funan County , Anhui Province, and Jinping County, Guizhou Province, and first analyze the characteristics of disease spectrum in the two counties., this paper analyzed the effects of different meteorological factors and comfort on the incidence of local main weather sensitive diseases and the change features of medical expenses in terms of seasons and 24 solar terms. The results showed that the most common diseases in Funan County and Jinping County were circulatory system disease and respiratory system disease respectively. The top six most expensive diseases all included circulatory system disease, respiratory system disease and digestive system disease, which accounted for 44.9% and 45.8% of the two counties medical expenses respectively. Therefore, it was important to strengthen the prevention of these three kinds of common weather sensitivity diseases from the perspective of reducing medical expenses. In addition, the medical costs of the three system diseases showed a distinct seasonal variation: The medical costs of the circulatory system diseases were significantly higher than those of the seasons during the seasonal switching period, the medical costs of the respiratory system diseases in the winter and spring were much higher than those in the summer and autumn, and the digestive system diseases had the highest medical costs in the summer. In September, the body temperature of the two counties was closest to the best comfort temperature of the human body, and the number of patients with these three types of diseases and their medical expenses were also relatively low. The results of this study could provide a scientific basis for timely prevention, control of local-related diseases and effective reduction of medical expenses.