日光温室中加扣小拱棚的温湿度效应

利用2013年1-2月河北省清河县日光温室中加扣小拱棚后温湿度观测资料和气象站观测资料，采用数理统计法，对不同天气条件下小拱棚温湿度变化特征和温湿度效应进行分析。结果表明：在晴天、少云-多云天气条件下小拱棚内日最高气温分别达30.0 ℃和25.0 ℃以上，且分别比小拱棚外高1.3-6.6 ℃和1.0-4.5 ℃；在晴天、少云-多云天气条件下小拱棚内日最低气温分别为4.0-11.0 ℃和6.0-14.0 ℃，比小拱棚外高0.0-1.5 ℃。小拱棚内日最小空气相对湿度为50%左右，比小拱棚外高2%-11%，日最大空气相对湿度与小拱棚外持平或略高；小拱棚内0.0 m气温和空气相对湿度日变化幅度均小于小拱棚内0.5 m。连续寡照天气时，小拱棚内气温为5.0-15.0 ℃，空气相对湿度全天为85%以上，温度、湿度变化幅度小且与小拱棚外接近或略高。总体来讲，日光温室加扣小拱棚在晴天或少云-多云天气时具有较好的增温保湿效果，但在寡照天气时增温效果不明显。温室中小拱棚内和小拱棚外温度差、湿度差在白天尤其中午前后较大，而在夜间内外相差较小或无差异。在管理上，应注意预防晴天中午前后小拱棚内温度过高引起的灼伤和寡照天气时低温高湿引起的冻害和病害。

Effects of temperature and humidity due to add small plastic shed within sunlight greenhouse

Using the measured temperature and humidity data inside and outside small plastic shed within a sunlight greenhouse at Qinghe county of Hebei province from January to February of 20 1 3 and the corresponding data from a nearby weather station,temperature and humidity characteristics and their effects in small plastic shed under dif-ferent weather conditions were analyzed by a mathematical statistics method.The results indicate that the maximum daily temperature in the small plastic shed could reach above 30.0 ℃ and 25.0 ℃ in a clear day and a partly cloudy to cloudy day respectively,which are about 1.3-6.6 ℃and 1.0-4.5 ℃higher than those of outside shed. The daily minimum temperature in the small plastic shed is 4.0-1 1.0 ℃and 6.0-14.0 ℃corresponding to the a-bove two weather conditions,and they are about 0.0-1.5 ℃higher than those of outside shed.The minimum daily relative humidity inside the small plastic shed is about 50%and about 2%-1 1%higher than that outside the small plastic shed,while the maximum relative humidity inside the small plastic shed is either equal to or slightly higher than that of outside the small plastic shed.Inside the small plastic shed,daily variation ranges of temperature and relative humidity on the height of 0.0 m are less than those on the height of 0.5 m.In persistent sunless days,tem-perature inside the small plastic shed changes from 5.0 ℃to 15.0 ℃and relative humidity reaches above 85%in a whole day.Change ranges of temperature and relative humidity inside the small plastic shed are not significant and both values are similar or higher than those outside the small plastic shed.In general,adding small plastic shed within the sunlight greenhouse has evident effects on increasing inner temperature and keeping moisture in sunny or slight cloud to cloudy days,but no distinct effect on maintaining its inner temperature in sunless days.Large tem-perature and relative humidity differences between inside and outside the small plastic shed could be observed in daytime,es