中国中部区域一次低槽冷锋天气过程人工增雨潜力区研究

低槽冷锋天气系统为中国中部区域春秋季主要的人工增雨作业天气类型,根据地面冷空气活动路径及西太平洋副高位置,具体分为低槽西路冷锋型、低槽东路转西路冷锋型和副高西伸型3种类型,其中低槽西路冷锋型占比最多。选取2012年11月24日中部区域一次典型低槽西路冷锋降水个例,首先利用多种资料进行增雨潜力区初判,再利用WRF模式模拟结果,综合给出增雨潜力区位置。结果表明:本次过程降水主要出现在500 hPa和700 hPa槽前及地面冷锋后部区域,过程典型时刻2012年11月3日14时初判人工增雨潜力区位于河南东北部、山东西南部、湖北东部和安徽大部分地区,模式模拟的过冷水分布区域与其基本一致。综合分析得到此次中部区域典型低槽西路冷锋天气过程人工增雨潜力区位于500 hPa和700 hPa低槽前部、700 hPa急流左侧且更靠近急流轴一侧、地面冷锋后部及锋线附近。

Study on Potential Area of Artificial Precipitation Enhancement of a Low-trough Cold Front Weather Process in Central China

The low trough cold front system is the main artificial precipitation weather type in spring and autumn over the central part of China.According to the cold air activity path on the surface and the position of subtropical high in the western Pacific,the cold front system is divided into three types: the low trough cold front from west,the low trough cold front from east turning to west,and the westward extension of subtropical high,of which the low trough cold front from west is of the most.A case of typical weather process of the low trough cold front from west that occurred in the central China in 24 November 2012 was selected for study.First,a variety of data were used for preliminary estimation of the precipitation enhancement potential area,and then the location of the precipitation enhancement potential area was given by using the simulation results of WRF model.The results showed that the precipitation in this process mainly occurred in front of the troughs at 500 hPa and 700 hPa,and the area behind the surface cold front.The potential area of the artificial precipitation enhancement at the typical time 14:00 BT 3 November 2012 was initially identified to be located in northeastern Henan province,southwestern Shandong province,eastern Hubei province and most Anhui Province.The distribution pattern of supercooled water is consistent with the WRF model simulation,which verifies its rationality.Comprehensive analysis shows that the potential area of artificial precipitation enhancement during the typical low trough cold front from west on 3 November 2012 was located in the front of the low troughs at 500 hPa and 700 hPa,on the left side of the 700 hPa jet and much closer to the jet axis,behind the surface cold front and near the front line.