干旱气候对青海地表水资源影响的研究

通过分析近38年青海省主要河流径流量及其流域降水、气温的变化趋势，研究了干旱气候对青海地表水资源的影响。结果表明，内陆河多为高山冰雪融水和雨水混合补给型河流，外流河多为以雨水补给为主的河流；青海地表水资源呈减少趋势，其减少趋势进入90年代后尤为明显；气温和降水是影响青海地表水资源的主要气候因子，其中气温升高加剧了流域蒸发量的增大和干旱影响，减少了地表径流量；而90年代以来降水量的减少特别是汛期降水量的减少直接影响到径流量的减少。

Study of Dry Climate Impact on Surface Water Resource in Qinghai

Variation tendency of rivers runoff, drainage area precipitation and temperature of principle rivers in Qinghai have been analyzed by using nearly 38 years data. Dry climate impact on Qinghai surface water resource was mainly discussed. The results show that inland rivers are mainly supplied by mountains snowmelt and precipitation, and outflow rivers are mainly supplied by precipitation. Qinghai surface water resource is tending to decrease and the tendency is more obvious after 1990s. Temperature and precipitation are primary factors to affect Qinghai surface water resource. Temperature rise aggravated evaporation and drought, reduced surface runoff. Precipitation decrease after 1990s, especially during flood areas, reduced surface runoff directly.