1410号台风Matmo登陆前后的动热力结构演变和水汽输送特征分析

利用NCEP/NCAR（美国国家环境预报中心/国家大气研究中心）的全球预报系统（GFS）再分析资料、欧洲气象中心（ERA-interim）资料以及中国气象局观测站点的实况降水观测结合CMORPH卫星反演降水资料，对2014年第10号台风Matmo生成后西北行并登陆台湾及福建过程中的特征进行了分析，揭示出Matmo移动路径主要受西太平洋副热带高压（简称西太副高）外围引导气流影响。动、热力物理量场分析表明，Matmo在登陆福建前后，福建上空一直维持深厚的涡旋结构，福建东南部上空的上升区与台湾海峡及福建西部附近的下沉运动区形成明显的垂直环流圈。同时，南海上空有明显的西南急流（风速大于16 m s-1），Matmo的水汽来源主要有两条，分别为孟加拉湾和南海以及西太副高南侧。充足的水汽输送及低层水汽辐合抬升有利于Matmo登陆后的强降水发生和维持。Matmo登陆福建后仍然保持低层辐合、高层辐散，有利于持续暴雨的发生。Matmo登陆福建期间始终处于风速垂直切变小值区（小于9 m s-1）中，环境风速的弱垂直切变有利于Matmo暖心结构及高空辐散形势的维持，是Matmo在登陆后依然能维持自身强度不衰减的原因之一。

Dynamic and Thermodynamic Structure Analysis of Typhoon Matmo (1410) and Associated Moisture Characteristics Before and After Its Landfall

The characteristics of typhoon Matmo (1410) are analyzed before and after its landfall on Taiwan and Fujian based on the analysis data from NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) Global Forecast System (GFS), the reanalysis data from ECMWF ERA-Interim and rainfall observations derived from station observations and satellite retrievals of precipitation from 18 to 26 July 2014. The results indicate that the trajectory of Matmo was mostly influenced by the steering flow of subtropical high. The deep vortex structure of Matmo still maintained around the time of its landing at Fujian, cooperating well with the vertical circulation formed by the ascending motion over southeastern Fujian and the descending motion near Taiwan Strait and western Fujian. Besides, the water vapor originated from the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea were continuously transported into Matmo by the southwesterly jet (wind speed greater than 16 m s^-1 at 850 hPa), which provided the necessary energy required for maintaining the typhoon circulation around landing time. The southwesterly jet transported energy and momentum from the South China Sea to the coastal region of southeastern China. Meanwhile, sufficient water vapor transport and convergence of moisture at the low levels were conductive to the occurrence and maintenance of heavy rain caused by Matmo. The result also shows that the weak vertical wind shear, which was favorable for the maintenance of warm core structure and divergence at upper levels, was another reason for the slow weakening of Matmo after its landfall.