基于常规气象资料融雪模式的建立及应用

以能量平衡方程为基础,考虑太阳短波辐射、大气和地面的长波辐射、潜热、感热传输以及下垫面的热传导等能量之间的平衡,建立了利用常规气象观测资料预测雪面温度和积雪深度变化的融雪模型。利用2009年1—3月以及2009年12月—2010年1月在湖北恩施雷达站的积雪观测数据进行模拟和验证,结果表明：该模型对于雪面温度和积雪深度都有较好的模拟效果。当下垫面导热系数λg〈0.5时,下垫面对雪深的影响很小;当λg≥0.5时,积雪融化速度随λg的增大而加快,说明下垫面的热传导是影响积雪深度变化的主要因素之一。

A Snowmelt Model Based on Routine Meteorological Data

According to the equation of conservation of energy,and having considered solar shortwave radiation,atmospheric and ground longwave radiation,latent heat flux,sensible heat flux and heat conduction of ground,a snowmelt model for snow surface temperature and snow cover depth with routine meteorological data is established.The observations in Enshi radar station,Hubei from January to March 2009 and from December 2009 to January 2010 have been used for simulating the process and validating the model.Results show that the model is useful for modeling the changes of snow surface temperature and snow cover depth.While the thermal conductivity of underlying surface（λg） is less than 0.5,the underlying surface has little influence on the snow cover depth,but while λg is over 0.5,the snow will thaw faster with the augmentation of λg,indicating that the thermal conductivity of underlying surface is one of major factors affecting snow cover depth.