黑河中游荒漠绿洲农业适应气候变化技术研究

以我国第二大内陆河流域——黑河流域的中游荒漠绿洲为例,基于长期定位试验成果,研究了绿洲农业适应气候变化的技术及其潜力。结果表明,在田间水平上,垄沟灌溉种植、主栽作物与伴生植物混播种植、优化水肥管理、建立枣粮复合系统是绿洲农业适应气候变化的有效技术;在绿洲水平上,调整农业种植结构、加大农田林网规格和减少农田林网的灌溉次数、降低防风固沙体系中高耗水树种——杨树的比例等技术是应对气候变化的重要途径。综合评价结果表明,在黑河中游绿洲,通过推广上述技术,在不降低绿洲农业产值和不影响绿洲生态系统稳定性的前提下,初步估算每年可节水2.96×108m3,抵消了气温上升大约1℃所带来的蒸散发消耗量。

A Technological Study on Oasis Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change in the Heihe River Basin

Based on the results of long-term experiments and observation, a case study was conducted in a desert oasis of the Heihe River basin to develop adaptive technologies of oasis agriculture and to evaluate the adaptation potentialities to climate change. It is indicated that technologies, such as ridge furrow irrigation, mixture sowing of crop and concomitant plant, optimizing fertilizer and water application, and promoting the jujube/crop intercropping system , could be applied on a field scale to adapt to climate change and strategies such as readjusting crop structure, extending shelterbelt specification, reducing the frequency of shelterbelt irrigation, and replacing high water consumption trees (Populus simonii) in the oasis defending system with drought-enduring plants, could be adopted at oasis level. The evaluation results suggest that the water saved by adopting these technologies would amount to 2.96 × 108 m3 per year, but without decreasing the oasis agricultural productivity and reducing the oasis stability.