面向福祉和公平的需求侧减排路径、潜力与政策

需求侧减排是协同实现碳中和目标与民生福祉、社会公平改善的重要抓手,也是以“人”为中心连接不同可持续发展目标的关键纽带。IPCC第六次评估报告首次独立成章（第五章）介绍应对气候变化的需求侧解决方案。报告将需求侧减排与福祉、公平等目标关联起来,依循“避免-转变-改进（ASI）”的战略框架,梳理了需求侧的减排措施和减排潜力;揭示了社会文化、心理活动、技术水平和基础设施等因素对需求侧减排的关键驱动作用,指出多种驱动因素之间相互依赖,呈现叠加效应;明确了激发需求侧减排的动力和能力需要科学的行为干预和政策设计以推动系统性变革。文中对该章主要结论做扼要解读,同时就该章节对中国的相关研究和政策启示展开讨论。

Demand-side mitigation pathways,potential, and policies for wellbeing and equity

Demand-side mitigation is a critical pathway to achieving carbon neutrality, wellbeing for all, and social equity coordinatively, since it puts “people” at the center of decision and links various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) together. The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presents an independent chapter (Chapter 5) to address the demand, services, and social aspects of mitigation for the first time. The report links demand-side mitigation with multiple social sustainable development goals and clarifies that the demand-side mitigation targets include not only climate change tackling but also wellbeing and equity improvement. It collects hundreds of demand-side mitigation measures by the “Avoid-Shift-Increase (ASI)” framework and presents the associated mitigation potential. Furthermore, key driving factors of demand-side mitigation, including social culture, psychological activities, technology, and infrastructure, are investigated, as well as the interlinkages among the driving factors. Last but not least, multiple behavioral interventions and policy designs are presented o enhance the motivation and the capacity of demand-side mitigation. This article briefly interprets the main conclusions of IPCC AR6 Chapter 5 and discusses its research and policy implications for China.