基于自然的气候变化解决方案

基于自然的解决方案(NbS)是近10年提出的人类社会应对一系列环境和社会挑战的成本有效的方式,但直到近期才在国际社会引起重视。针对气候变化,NbS指通过对生态系统的保护、恢复和可持续管理减缓气候变化,同时利用生态系统及其服务功能帮助人类和野生生物适应气候变化带来的影响和挑战。这些生态系统包括森林、农田、草地、湿地（海岸带）生态系统,人工的或天然的。NbS能够为实现《巴黎协定》目标贡献30%左右的减排潜力,同时带来巨大的环境和社会经济的协同效益。但是,在过去的气候变化政策和行动中,包括国家自主贡献（INDC）,NbS尚未得到充分的重视,流入NbS相关的气候资金明显不足。为充分发挥NbS的潜力,建议开展中国NbS减排潜力及其协同效应研究,识别成本有效的中国NbS优先领域,梳理国际国内NbS成功案例,制定推动NbS主流化相关激励政策,推动多领域NbS协同治理。

Nature-based Solutions to address climate change

Nature-based Solutions (NbS), put forward in recent ten years but well aware more recently, is a cost-effective approach to address environmental and social-economic challenges human being is facing. With respective to climate change, NbS is a set of approaches for conservation, restoration and sustainable management of ecosystems to mitigate climate change, and to address impacts and challenges induced by climate changes on human beings and wildlife through services provided by ecosystems. These ecosystems include forest, cropland, grassland and wetland (coastal ecosystems), either natural or man-made. NbS is able to contribute 30 percent of mitigation targets set by Paris Agreement, and provide substantial environmental and social-economic co-benefits. However, NbS is not well paid attention in previous policies and actions including the Intended National Determinated Contribution (INDC) and funding flow into NbS for climate change is limited. To maximize the NbS potential, it is recommended to conduct researches on China’s NbS mitigation potential and its co-benefits, identify cost-effective priority NbS pathways, summarize domestic and oversea successful NbS cases, develop incentive policies for mainstreaming NbS, and to push for collaborative governance of multiple sectors.