我国促进大数据发展政策工具选择体系结构及其优化策略研究

目的/意义]探究我国为实现促进大数据发展的政策目标而构建的政策工具选择体系结构，揭示大数据政策工具选择中存在的问题，为优化我国促进大数据发展政策工具选择提供建议。方法/过程]构建由63项聚焦大数据发展的政策文本构成的政策样本集，运用内容分析法，对样本集中包含的政策工具进行编码。建立包含基础资源维度、技术维度和领域维度的政策工具选择三维分析框架，通过编码映射，建立其与政策工具编码的关联。从领域维度，使用层次聚类分析法，对样本政策文本进行聚类分析。结果/结论]政策工具编码分析结果显示，我国大数据政策工具选择中存在缺乏长期规划，政策及政策工具协同不足，政策工具选择欠丰富；政策工具选择结构失衡；需求表达模糊，难以定位关键政策及政策工具等问题。应加强战略规划和发展理念指引，重视政策及政策工具协同，规避公共风险，构建需求驱动和问题导向的政策工具选择体系结构，创新设计与应用关键政策工具。

Research on the Architecture and Optimization Strategy of Policy Instrument Selection for the Development of Big Data in China

Purpose/significance] This paper aims to explore the architecture of policy instrument selection that is built for achieving the goal of promoting the development of big data, reflect the questions existing in present policy instrument selection, and provide advice for optimizing policy instrument selection for promoting the development of big data. Method/process] In this paper, a sample policy dataset that consists of 63 big data policies was created, which encoded the policy instruments hidden in sample policies by the method of content analysis. Then, a three-dimensional analysis framework that consists of basic resource, technique and field dimension was created, which is mapped to policy instrument codes. Finally, the sample policies were clustered by employing hierarchical clustering analysis from the perspective of field dimension. Result/conclusion] The results of the analysis on policy instrument codes suggest that there is a lack of long-term planning in the selection of big data policy tools in China, the policy and policy tools are insufficient in coordination, and the policy tool selection is not abundant, the structure of policy instrument selection is unbalanced, and the key policies and policy instruments are hard to be identified because of the unclear demand expression. It recommends that China should enhance the strategy planning and development concept, focus on policy and policy instrument synergy, avoid public risks, build the demand-driven and question-oriented architecture of policy instrument selection, and develop innovative design and application of key policy instruments.