图书馆情报学主要研究方法:了解、选择及使用

目的/意义]研究方法在学术研究中发挥着至关重要的作用。确认图书馆情报学领域主要的研究方法，并对它们进行了解熟悉，以在开展研究时能合理选择、灵活使用，确保研究质量。方法/过程]对近2 000篇图书馆情报学领域的研究文献以及相关研究方法论文进行内容分析，在此基础上对研究方法的类分命名、图书馆情报学界主要的研究方法的确定、特点和使用注意事项进行介绍和讨论。结果/结论]研究方法应以数据收集法而不是数据分析法命名。图书馆情报学领域常用的研究方法包括实验法、问卷法、理论研讨法、内容分析法、访谈法和书目计量法，每种方法都有各自的特点。因而在选择使用时，既应根据具体研究课题及研究方法之特性，也要考虑使用注意事项，并尽量在同一研究中采用两种或更多的方法，以扬长避短，更有效地展开研究。

Major Research Methods in LIS: Understanding,Selection and Use

Purpose/significance] Research methods play a critical role in any scholarly research. It is important to identify major research methods utilized in library and information science (LIS) research, and get familiar with them so that researchers can choose and employ them properly in their investigations.Method/process] Based on a content analysis of close to 2000 scholarly documents in LIS as well as related publications on research methods, this study explores the naming of research methods and identification of major LIS research methods with a focus on how to understand, select and use them in scholarly endeavors.Result/conclusion] Research methods should be named after data collection techniques instead of data analysis techniques. Major research methods used in LIS include experiment, questionnaire, theoretical approach, content analysis, interview and bibliometrics. Each method has its own features. Thus, the selection and use of methods in LIS research should be not only done by research questions and method characteristics but also taken into consideration of the dos and don'ts associated with each research methods. For the same reason, more than one method generally should be selected and utilized in a single study in order to cancel out the limitations of each chosen method and ultimately ensure the quality of research.