从独立战争到南北战争:试论美国高等教育发展的一段关键历史

从独立战争到南北战争这段时期是美国高等教育发展的一段关键的时期。在此期间，美国的大学不仅在数量上飞速增长，而且基本上确立了美国现代大学的特征，即私立为主、多样化和互为竞争。建立国立大学的倡议的失败及达特茅斯学院诉讼案的判决是这个阶段高等教育发展的最主要推动力，前者限制了联邦政府在美国整个高等教育系统特征的塑造过程中的作用，后者则进一步限制了州政府对私立学院的权力。

From the Independence War to the Civil War:A Critical Period for the Development of Higher Education in the United States

The period from the independence war to the civil war was a critical period for the development of higher education in the United States which witnessed a fast increase in the number of higher learning institutions and the establishment of characteristics of the modern universities,namely,the dominant status of private institutions,pluralism and competition. The driving force for such impressive development is,firstly,the failure of the proposal for the establishment of national universities,and,secondly,the verdict on the Dartmouth College lawsuit,the former limiting the role of the federal government in the formation of the characteristics of the higher education system and the latter restricting the power of the state governments over private colleges.