中国历史上法制矛盾性初探

中华法系源远流长。法律制度集中地体现了一个国家与民族的社会特征、文化底蕴及社会思想。反过来说,一个社会的物质基础与精神因素又极大地影响一个国家的法制建设。中国历史上的专制政治制度、农业经济、农业文化思想及儒家思想铸造了中华法制的特色,其中法制的矛盾性尤显突出。这种矛盾性有碍于法律的进步,痛失法律的先进性。中国历史上法制矛盾性表现为,其一,存在专制政治与法制主导思想的矛盾;其二,存在人治官治与法律公正精神的矛盾;其三,存在伦理价值取向与法律的发展经济功能的矛盾。我们可以从中国历史上法制的矛盾性中得到启示。中国历史上法制没有获得革命性质变与飞跃,只有推翻封建制度,变革政治,法制建设才能做到法理原则正常化、科学化;治理国家与保障人民的利益是法制建设的不可偏废的宗旨;真正的法治社会是人类所追求的共同目标,是人类文明发展的必然结果,也是法制发展的归宿。

A Probe into the Legal Contradictions in Chinese History

Chinese legal system enjoys a long history.Legal system rdflects the social feature,cultural background and social idea of a country and a tribe.On the contrary,the social foundation and mental factors of a society has a great impact on the establishment of legal system of a country.The dictatorial political system,agricultural economy and culture,and Confucianism in Chinese history shape the special characteristics of Chinese legal system.,among them the contradictions reflected in legal system is particularly remarkable.These contradictions hinder the development of law,thus resulting in the backwardness of law.The contradictions of legal system in Chinese history are shown as follows:firstly,there is the contradiction between dictatorial politics and legal idea;secondly,there is the contradiction between rule by officials and rule by fair law;thirdly,there is the contradiction between moral principles and law's function to promote economic development.Some enlightenment is acquired from the contradictions of legal system in Chinese history.Legal system in Chinese history does not witness revolutionary change.Unless the feudal system was overthrown,politics was reformed,legal principles could be normalized and developed into science in the establishment of legal system;managing a country and safeguarding people's interests is the indispensable aim of legal system establishment;a society really ruled by law is human being's common pursuit,the natural result of human civilization development,and the ultimate goal of legal system development.