国际救灾法:一个正在形成的国际法律部门

国际灾害援助规范虽然不是新近才有的事物,但近些年来重大灾害频发,国际援助规模的扩大和媒体对灾害反应的关注使国际救灾中的协作、灾民的生存状态问题凸显出来.国际社会开始为解决这些问题建立法律机制作出努力,并取得了诸多成果,昭示着一个国际救灾法部门的产生.关于该部门的调整对象,国际法文件对“灾害”往往采用广义定义的方法以便利国际援助的扩大;救灾规范也涵盖到灾前准备和灾后恢复重建阶段.国际救灾法已经形成了一个包括诸多公约、决议和声明、谅解备忘录、行动守则、指南和标准等在内的法律框架,虽然这些规范还缺乏综合性、融贯性.国际救灾法的发展也促进了对这一法律部门研究的兴起.

The Regulating Object and Sources of International Disaster Response Law:A Forming International Legal Subject

Although the norms of international disaster assistance are not new things,but become prominent in recent years with the frequency of major disasters,the expansion of international aid to disaster response,and more media attention in the international disaster relief cooperation to the deteriorative living condition.The international community began to establish legal mechanisms to make efforts to address these issues and achieved many results,and shows a generation of international disaster response law.In order to extend the range of international aid,the term "disaster" in international legal documents is often broad defined,also covers the pre-disaster preparedness and recovery after the disaster.International disaster response law has been formed a legal framework that includes a lot of conventions,resolutions and declarations,memoranda of understanding,code of conduct,guidelines and standards,etc.Although these norms lack a comprehensive and coherent nature.The development of international disaster response law also promote research on the department.