国际科技政策计量与可视化分析

 科技政策是国家为了实现特定时期的科技发展目标而制定的方针、政策及其相关规定,其核心主要涉及如何为科学行为分配配套的资源,以实现最佳服务于公众利益的目标。本文在结合国内相关研究基础上,基于Web of Science 数据库间70多年(1947-2018)的研究文献,综合利用文献计量学工具和自研系统,全面定量展示了科技政策研究领域的现状、热点及前沿趋势。结果表明,截至2018年该领域研究尚处于成长期,成熟度为3091%;期间共有136个国家（地区）参与该领域研究,排名前5的国家为美国、英国、德国、荷兰和加拿大;6197个相关研究机构中,萨塞克斯大学（英国）、曼彻斯特大学(美国)、乔治亚理工学院（美国）、麻省理工学院（美国）、阿姆斯特丹大学（荷兰）等作品丰富且影响力较大;以“开放创新、企业、生物科技、技术转移、知识产权、专利、三螺旋结构、纳米科技”等突现词代表了该领域的前沿研究方向,值得高度关注。

An analysis of measurement and visualization of international science and technology policies

 Science and technology policy is the policy and related regulations formulated by the state to achieve the goal of scientific and technological development in a specific period. Its core mainly involves how to allocate supporting resources for scientific behavior to achieve the goal of best serving the public interest.In order to quantitatively demonstrate the landscapes and emerging trends of science and technology policy research in the past 70 years, besides a survey of domestic research, this paper uses a new data search strategy to comprehensively evaluate the research of science and technology policy by using 12170 relevant literature records in the web of science Database from 1947 to 2018. In data display, the latest development trend in this field is comprehensively displayed by more abundant means. The research data of this paper is based on the time limit of 1900-2018 in the web of science database, according to the subject search formula "(TS = ("science policy" or "technology policy" or "S & T policy" or "R & D policy" or "science and technology policy" or "research policy")) or (so ="research policy")" to retrieve and delete the irrelevant literature, 12170 literature records are obtained.The research methods in this paper include bibliometrics and research methods. Specifically, using the self-researched document analysis tool TVIZ, the knowledge elements of the literature in the field of “science and technology policy” were separately counted and corresponding charts were drawn. Using Citespace and VOSViewer, Keyword, Institute, Author, etc. are selected as the analysis objects, and the analysis object is analyzed by keyword co-occurrence analysis, institutional cooperation analysis, author collaboration analysis, and the corresponding scientific knowledge map is drawn. Through the comprehensive use of the self-research literature systemTviz, CiteSpace, VOSViewer and other tools, the research literature of the Web of Science database for more than 70 years (1947-2018) was deeply analyzed, the technical maturity curve was drawn, and the organization cooperation map and author cooperation were constructed. Maps, keyword clustering maps, and emergent word detection maps, the study draws the following conclusions. The technology maturity curve shows that science and technology policy as a special research direction is gradually receiving the attention of researchers, but the current research is still in the development stage, and the maturity is 30.91%. There are still a lot of unknown areas to explore. It is necessary to increase the research efforts, and will enter the mature period in 2055. The statistical distribution map shows that from the perspective of international cooperation, countries have strengthened scientific cooperation and the R&D network has become increasingly dense. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany are active promoters of research in this field. They are located all over the world, regardless of the number of documents or the number of institutions. In terms of research focus, countries are different. The United States and the United Kingdom focus on "science and technology interface, ecosystem services, innovation", etc.; the Netherlands focus on "science and technology interaction, border operation, uncertainty", etc.; Canada and China focus on "innovation,bibliometrics, research and development, scientific exchange", etc. In terms of scientific influence, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands have great influence in this field. From the perspective of cooperation, Australia, Sweden and the Netherlands have a high proportion of international cooperation, while the United States and China have a relatively small proportion of cooperation. In the field of research, science and technology policy is an interdisciplinary subject of education, society, economics, politics, medical treatment, ecology,etc, with main research fields include management, environmental science, interdisciplinary, education, economy and public management. From the perspective of journal distribution, policy research, scientometrics, environmental science and policy, health service policy research, science and public, technology prediction and social change, social science and human value, technological innovation and social science and medical treatment. There are many journals published in terms of policies, technology predictions and social changes. In terms of research institutions, among the 6032 research institutions in this field, 1168 institutions with a H index of more than 3 mainly focus on universities to promote the development of this field. Among them, University of Sussex, University of Manchester, Georgia Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of Amsterdam rank the top five. Harvard University, Georgia Institute of technology and Sussex University started earlier with rich achievements and close cooperation. In the cooperation of authors, there are 21762 scholars in this field and 331 with H index above 5, indicating that there are a large number of researchers in this field and a large number of highly influential authors. Among them, the research team represented by truffer Bernhard, leydesdortf loef, Salter Ammon is of great importance and worthy of attention. The keyword co-occurrence map shows that high-frequency vocabulary such as “innovation, science, knowledge, policy, performance, company, management, influence, patent, university and market” represents the research hotspot of current science and technology policy. "Communication science, uncertainty, experience, risk assessment, internationalization, competitive alliance" and other key words with turning and intermediary functions represent the new theory or bridge research in this field. From the perspective of keyword clustering, the earliest clustering is # 6 (R &; D policy), and the average year is 1998, which shows that the early research of science and technology policy mainly focuses on R &; D policy, innovation, industry, academic consultation, emerging technology, research policy, strategic group, cluster analysis, regional economy, export and other issues. The latest two clusters are cluster #22 (International Science and Technology Policy) and cluster #23 (Trinity), with an average year of 2010, among which the representative words are "transition period, international climate agreement, management function, impact assessment, technical style, technology spillover, priority, organization scale, specialty, scientist", etc., which are the concerns in the past decade. The detection pattern of emergent words indicates: from 1990-2000 "biotechnology, government, ethics, innovation, risk assessment, basic research" to 2001-2010 "industry, information technology, globalization, company, patent, innovation system "Economy", after 2011, "vulnerability, China, challenges, flexibility, science policy interface, social science", etc., the research frontier in the field of science and technology policy has been changing dynamically with the changes of the times. In summary, through the use of bibliometrics, knowledge maps and visualization, the development degree, research status, research hotspots and frontier development trends of science and technology policies are revealed. The research results have certain reference value for promoting the development of science and technology policies. However, this study is not comprehensive enough, and the follow-up work needs further improvement.