体育赛事转播权的理论反思与制度重构

长期以来,立法对体育赛事转播权未予以明确规定,学界对体育赛事转播权也存在误读,不利于认清这一权利的本来面目。从解释论角度而言,体育赛事转播权是体育赛事组织者享有的对体育赛事进行现场直播的权利,在本质上是侵权法上的利益。但从立法论角度而言,体育赛事转播权应是体育赛事组织者享有的排他性财产权,其所能控制的行为不仅应包括体育赛事的现场直播,还应包括一切以体育赛事为基础所形成的视听成果的传播。故应重构我国体育赛事转播权制度,立法应明确体育赛事转播权的法律性质和权利内容,规定无论任何盗播行为,只要涉及以体育赛事组织者享有权利的体育赛事为基础所形成的视听成果,体育赛事组织者均有权以体育赛事转播权为依据提起诉讼。

Theoretical Reflections on and Institutional Reconstruction of Sports Event Broadcasting Right

The legislation has long not clearly stipulated the sports event broadcasting right,and the academic circle has the misinterpreation as well,which leads to the failure of understanding its nature.From the perspective of interpretation,sports event broadcasting right is only the right of sports event organizers to broadcast the sports live,which is essentially the interest from the tort law.But on the part of legislation,sports event broadcasting right should be the exclusive property right owned by sports event organizers.The behaviors they can control include not only the live broadcast of sports event,but the dissemination of audio-visual results based on the sports events.Therefore,sports event rights system should be reconstructed.That is,legislation should confirm the legal nature of sports event broadcasting right and the right content,which should make it clear that sports event organizers possess the right to lawsuit against any theft behaviors as long as they shall enjoy the rights of sports event as the base to form an audio-visual product.