黑龙江省花样滑冰后备人才培养现状的调查研究

花样滑冰是我国参加冬奥会的优势项目,随着老运动员的退役,后备人才培养不足的矛盾凸显.现役国家花样滑冰队一线的运动员70%是黑龙江省培养的运动员,黑龙江省只有重视后备人才的梯队建设,我国花样滑冰竞技体育的发展才有后劲.采用文献资料、访谈法、观察法、逻辑分析法和数理统计法等研究方法,对黑龙江省花样滑冰项目后备人才的基本情况进行分析.结果表明,黑龙江省花样滑冰运动员储备在减少,2014年度黑龙江省全国花样滑冰项目注册运动员比2013年度减少了8.9%;黑龙江省花样滑冰13岁以下运动员后备梯队结构呈现倒金字塔型,提示低龄儿童花样滑冰运动员有减少的发展趋势;教练员队伍具有年龄小、执教时间短、职称低的特点,教练员队伍出现年龄断档;运动员平均每天冰上训练时间过短,参加比赛机会少等.建议花样滑冰后备人才培养应与大众体育、体育经济相结合,走市场化发展的道路,加强俱乐部的多区域建设;花样滑冰运动项目发展和基础训练阶段必须与学校相结合,保证后备人才资源库输出充足和运动选材的质量;增加业余体校的经费投入,加强教练员的学习与交流,促进黑龙江省花样滑冰后备人才培养的可持续发展.

Investigation of the Current Development of Figure Skating Talent Reserves in Heilongjiang Province

As an advantage for China to compete in Winter Olympics, the figure skating shows its increasing short in developing the talent reserves with the veteran skaters retreating. The first skaters from the active teams of Chinese figure skating are 70% from Heilongjiang province, so only with Heilongjiang province enhancing the talent reserves' development will Chinese figure skating stay power in competition.With the methods of literature information, interview, observation, logical analysis and mathematical statistics, the paper investigates the basic situation of figure skating talent reserves in Heilongjiang province. The results show that the reserves is less, the registered skaters of Chinese figure skating from Heilongjiang province in 2014 has dropped by 8.9% than that in 2013; the skaters' reserves under 13 years old shows an opposite pyramid age structure, which telling us the development trend of young children skaters decreasing; the coach teams have young ages, short-time teaching experience, low positional titles, interrupted age structure; the skaters have short time in ice training everyday, less chance in competition. In order to advance the sustainable development of figure skating talent reserves in Heilongjiang province, it suggests that the reserves development should be combined with the mass sports and sports economy, be into marketization, be to enhance the clubs in different regions; the sports development and its basic training period must be combined with some schools to ensure the sufficient output of resource library and the quality of talents' selection; the investment in amateur athletic sports schools should be increased to strengthen the coaches' learning and communion.