运动员训练中微量元素铁与锌的补充

微量元素是人体必需的营养元素，铁和锌与人体运动能力的关系十分密切。铁是血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、细胞色素以及一些呼吸氧化酶的主要成分，在机体组织呼吸过程发挥重要作用；锌是多种酶的组成成分或酶的激活剂，在组织呼吸以及蛋白质、脂肪、糖和核酸等的代谢中有重要作用，是人体内必须具有结构生理功能的营养素。机体内缺铁时，引起缺铁性贫血，导致运动能力、机体免疫系统功能下降；锌的缺乏导致运动损伤和疲劳的形成，影响机体雄激素的水平，从而对运动能力产生影响。铁与锌的摄入量不足、训练过程中出汗量大和运动训练强度大等是造成运动员铁和锌缺乏的原因，应该首先从平衡膳食方面加强铁、锌的补充，多吃红色瘦肉、鱼类、蛋、动物肝脏、牡蛎、谷子等粗粮，以及营养补剂的使用，达到微量元素铁与锌的合理补充。

Supplement of Iron and Zinc of Trace Elements in Athletes＆#39;Training

Trace elements are essential nutritional elements , the relationship between iron , zinc and the hu-man motion ability is very close .Iron is the main component of hemoglobin , myoglobin , cytochrome and some respiratory oxidase , plays an important role in the process of tissue respiration .Zinc is the activator of various enzymes , plays an important role in metabolizing of the tissue respiration and protein , fat, carbohy-drate and nucleic acid , is a nutrient which is the necessary of the body and has the structure and physiologi-cal function .The decline of movement , body immune system function and iron deficiency anemia are caused by low iron .Low zinc will lead to the formation of sports injury and fatigue , affect the androgen level , which has an impact on the movements .Low iron and zinc , excessive perspiration in training and high intensive training are the reasons for iron and zinc deficiency .We should supply iron and zinc from the balanced diet , have much red lean meat, fish, eggs, livers, ostracean, unhusked rice and other roughage , and the use of nutritional supplement , in order to supply reasonably the trace elements of iron and zinc .